# AeroGCS KEA 2.3 AeroGCS KEA 2.3 is a drone management and mission planning software supporting various autopilots like Ardupilot and PX4. **AeroGCS KEA 2.3** is the simplest GCS software to be used by pilots. Its wizard capabilities help the pilot to save a lot of time in planning a flight mission. AeroGCS KEA 2.3 is available in multiple platform versions. It is accessible in laptop, and cellular versions. No need to carry heavy laptops on the field now. Plan everything by using a mobile device. Automated logs of flights help you to get all logs on a cloud **somewhere** anytime. It helps to get **local** compliance and **exact** analysis. AeroGCS KEA 2.3 provides a variety of plans to configure mission plans for a flight of a drone. Select any one plan and configure your system, plan the mission and start the flight with a few clicks only. AeroGCS KEA 2.3 allows the user to set the parameters such as altitude, camera settings, and speed of the device according to the application requirements. Thus, provides flexibility and simplicity to the user. AeroGCS KEA 2.3 is the simplest mission planning software that helps to plan drone flights. **GCS: Ground Control Station** Ground Control Station (GCS) is the complete set of ground-based hardware systems used to control the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) known as Ground Control Station (GCS). This typically includes the Human-Machine Interface, computer, telemetry, video capture card, and aerials for the control, video, and data links to the UAV. # 1 Getting Started This section of documentation describes steps to start with AeroGCS KEA 2.3 software. ### **1.1** **System Requirements** #### **1.1.1** **Hardware Requirements** | Hardware | Minimum | Recommended | | ------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | | **CPU** | x-64 based i3 7020U @2.4GHz or more preferred for 60-FPS velvet-smooth UI | x-64 based i5 @1.9GHz | | **HDD** | 20GB | 30GB | | **RAM** | 4GB | 8GB | | **Graphics** | Internal graphics | Intel or NVIDIA graphics of 1GB RAM | | **Ports** | USB2.0 | USB2.0 | #### **1.1.2** **Windows Systems** | Software | Minimum | Recommended | | ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | | **OS** | Windows 7, Windows 8/8.1, Windows 10, Linux-Ubuntu 16.04 LTS | Windows 10 or Linux- Ubuntu18.04.3 | | **Network Connectivity** | LAN or Wifi | LAN or WiFi | | **Screen Resolution** |

1366x768 or

1920x1080

| 1366x768 with Landscape orientation | #### **1.1.3** **Android Systems** | Software | Minimum | Recommended | | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | | **OS** | Android | Android | | **Devices** | Herelink, Skydroid | With Android | | **Network Connectivity** | USB Tethering or Wi-Fi | USB Tethering or Wi-Fi | | **Screen Resolution** |

720x1600 pixels or

1920x1200

| 720x1600 with Landscape orientation | ### **1.2** **Download Process** Windows Version: Download of the AeroGCS is available on the website. Android Version: Download of the AeroGCS is available on the website ### **1.3** **Installation and Configuration** Install AeroGCS for Windows Vista or later. Here is the process of Installation of AeroGCS. i) First download the AeroGCS installer from the defined download location. ii) Double click the executable to launch the installer. iii) Once installer file is clicked launcher will be started as below ![AeroGCS Installation ](/files/-Me_r-p9Q6vMCBA8HfyP) iv) After clicking Next, select the path of installation to be done. ![AeroGCS Installation Path Selection](/files/-Me_r9VW5wXTf0V2-wPU) For detailed procedure refer the video and follow the steps to download, install, and activate your account for AeroGCS. {% embed url="" %} Getting Started {% endembed %} **Installation Process for Android Operating System** Before installing the Android version on your mobile make sure that your mobile is satisfying the system requirements. Following are the steps to install AeroGCS KEA on Android operating system: * First download the AeroGCS installer from the defined download location as shown in image. ![Installation on Android](/files/jgzhyl7chzF7LP8OnEzK) * Click on Download Now button. * The installer file will be downloaded with .apk extension. * Install the .apk file on your mobile phone. Follow the steps mentioned. * Enter the license key for activation.

Click on the "Get License Key" button to get license key. Enter a valid email address to get an email. ![License Activation](/files/710uaXJJMxvS3TwuiZ3J) * Use the authentic credentials for activation of a license for AeroGCS KEA**.** * Open the email inbox for getting License key. * Copy the License key and paste here to activate the License.

**Installation Process For Herelink HD Telemetry and Skydroid** Herelink is a combination of remote controller, ground station, and wireless digital transmission system that is designed to work with AeroGCS. Herelink provides the transmission of RC control, HD video, and telemetry data up to 20 kilometers between the ground station and the air unit. It is android based smart device with capacitive touch screen. Easy to use and highly integrated, high definition screen is equipped with Herelink. For the setup and configuration of the Herelink RC control and radio system, Herelink includes a specialized system settings app. AeroGCS KEA supports the Herelink remote controller. ![](/files/fVlY1JaoQ6kFjH9QvDNr) * Click on download now button. * The file with .apk file extension will be downloaded to your device. * Now click on the respective file for installation. * Complete the installation process with the authentic credentials. * Use the license key for activation of the account for Herelink or Skydroid # 2 Dashboard Whenever you login to the AeroGCS KEA 2.3, you land on the dashboard page. The dashboard page has various parameters for the historical performance of the RPA and projects. RPA is a Remotely Piloted Aircraft. As it is remotely operated, the settings of various parameters to the specified values and conditions are mandatory before it comes into operation. Once the logged in, the user may use shortcuts for handling the drone operations. Various options available on the dashboard indicated in the following image.

Detailed information and use of these icons will be discussed in the following section. ### Top-bar Options ![Top-bar Options](/files/k3THvQ7aXtF6dYacoBAS) #### 1) Cloud Sync This functionality is useful in team access management to upload the files on the cloud so that these can be shared easily with other team members. Details about this is explained in section 10 of this user manual. #### 2) Direct Flyview This dashboard element shows the fly-view icon on the navigation bar. The user can go to the fly-view directly by pressing this button. The user can see all the data related to the device like latitude, longitude, speed, orientation, etc. The buttons displayed on a left-hand drawer, like take-off, land, RTL, resume, and pause will be disabled. #### 3) Connect a device The connection between the GCS and the device will be established by using this option on dashboard. The drone or device should be properly connected to the GCS before an actual flight. Various communication protocols are provided by AeroGCS KEA. You have to select the proper and required communication protocol and connect the device properly. In the serial port setting user can connect the device using serial communication. Also, the user can set different baud rates as per the requirement and connect the device. #### 4) RPA Configuration User can directly go to RPA settings from this option from dashboard. This is a shortcut for accessing the RPA configuration. Details about the RPA configuration is available in section 6 of the same documentation. #### **5) Notifications** By clicking on this icon, you can directly have notifications containing all logs, flight logs, and warnings. This element shows overall warnings in AeroGCS during the operations. It shows NPNT-related warnings as well as machine operation-related warming. After clicking on the warning, you can navigate to the details of all warnings. These logs can be downloaded in the form of a .json file. You can use these logs during the flight also. The user will have detailed information regarding the flight such as “flight guided mode command sent”, and “flight mission paused command is sent to device ” with the date and time particulars. Under the all logs tab, the user can see all logs, including flight logs and warnings. Under flight logs, the user can see logs about the flights. Under the ‘warns’ tab, prearmed warnings are displayed which include “flight plan received”, “arming motors”, etc., with date and time. #### 6) Internet Connectivity On the AeroGCS KEA 2.3 dashboard the navigation bar Internet connectivity icon is there for the checking internet connection. If the internet is connected it will show the connected icon with a tick on it. If the internet is not connected it will show an icon with a cross on it. ### Widgets ![Widgets View](/files/mobAQIthRtzpocqvAtAZ) ![Widget A](/files/AVFIrY9iRmG794fLjzqb) #### **7) Total Flight Time** The Total time taken by a flight to complete its plan is known as total flight time. Whenever any flight under any project is completed, the completed time of the flight is added to the total flights done by RPA. It is important for calculating the life of RPA. It shows data related to available projects only. #### **8) Total projects** It shows the total number of projects created and available in the AeroGCS. Any deleted project from the GCS would be removed from the total project count. #### **9) Completed Flights** It shows the total completed flights under all projects. The project can have planned and completed types of flights. It will show only completed flights. The completed flight means any flight for which a take-off command was issued. Even if RPA doesn’t fly after take-off, it is also considered a completed flight. ![Widget B](/files/rG9sjNQyN1ZYZrTR5BjF) #### 10) Live Battery voltage This dashboard element shows the live battery voltage. It shows the battery which is available in the device. For displaying the status of the battery, the device should be connected to the AeroGCS KEA 2.3. #### 11) Live satellite count This dashboard element shows the live satellite count. It shows the current satellite count of the device. If the GPS is connected to the device and has sufficient range, then it will show the GPS count. {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** GPS is required to track the correct location of the device. {% endhint %} #### 12) Live mode of the device This dashboard element shows the live mode of the device. If the device is connected to AeroGCS KEA 2.3 and modes are assigned to a specific channel, then if the mode is changed from RC it will show the changed mode. A radio-controlled aircraft (also known as an RC plane or RC plane) is a small flying vehicle that is controlled from the ground by a hand-held radio transmitter. #### Weather Forecast Ambitions to increase drone operations may be hampered by the weather, which is a significant and difficult-to-resolve factor. The pilot should know the weather conditions for the place for a flight. Check the weather forecast before planning a flight of drones with the help of the Weather forecast option provided by AeroGCS KEA. The weather forecast shows the weather of a particular city. {% hint style="warning" %} **Warning**: Selection of a proper city is necessary before the actual flight. {% endhint %} ![Widget C](/files/M4zdUSDsjDmmjl4dWR3K) **13) Temperature** After clicking on this icon you will get the details of variations in temperature in your area for the next 7 hours which will help you to schedule your flight. It also gives the details of humidity, wind speed, and expected percentage of rainfall. All these parameters are valuable for scheduling the flight of a drone. You cannot have a smooth flight in cloudy weather. **14) Precipitation** Normally, the drones are not waterproof. The internal electronic parts may get damaged due to moisture. Therefore, before flying a drone, you should consider the precipitation strength and probability. This will assist you in forecasting the optimum flying conditions for that day. Precipitation probability is a concept that describes the likelihood of precipitation at a given time and location. **15) Wind Speed** Knowing local wind conditions is crucial before flying a drone. Flying in winds more than what your drone can handle will result in a crash. Before taking off check the maximum attainable speed of your drone. Check the wind speed and its direction before take-off. Fly only if the wind speed is less than your drone’s maximum speed by a comfortable margin. **16) Rain** It is highly recommended to restrict the flights of drones in rainy or snowy weather. Internal components of a drone may damage due to moisture. The visibility may also affected due to rain and humidity of the air. ### Projects ![Projects Option on Dashboard](/files/aAltjYYlkrdiq23Lg0m1) **17) Recent Projects** This gives details of the projects recently created or opened. It shows 5 recent projects which you can reuse by clicking on them. Also, it shows detailed information on recent projects created along with several plans, dates created, etc. **18) Create Project** For creating a new project click on the '+' symbol present on the dashboard near to project. This tab allows us to create a new project with project details such as Project name, client name, and Plan name. **19) Search Project** For searching the project which is not available in this list you can search the project by using the search project option available on the dashboard. #### 20) List of Projects The list of recently created projects will be displayed on the dashboard. Select any existing project to add a few plans to it or edit the plans from that project. Once you have selected a plan available in the list then a new page will display details of that planned flight including name, mission type, vehicle type, flight time and date, and creation of the project. By clicking on the three dots on the right-hand side more options will be displayed such as Delete Plan, Export KML, Edit Plan, and View Logs. **Delete Plan:** this will allow you to delete the said plan. Once you have deleted the plan every data related to the plan will be deleted which is non-recoverable. Be cautious before deleting the plan. **Export KML:** after selecting this option pop-up window will appear on the screen indicating the location of the file saved. **Edit Plan:** Once selected this option, you can edit the plan in terms of all the required parameters. If you want to keep the earlier parameter let it be as it is. You can just verify the parameters entered by you earlier. **View Logs:** This will display the flight logs. You can download the log files. It will download two .csv files. One file gives detailed data related to flight such as take-off, time taken to complete intermediate tasks, etc. The second file contains details regarding altitude, longitude, latitude, velocity, etc. # 3 Home Menu The Home or main menu of the AeroGCS software has different functions to navigate through.

Home menu is available on the landing page for any user, once he logs in to the AeroGCS KEA. Home menu provides various options which are discussed in the further discussion. ### **3.1** **General Settings** #### 3.1.1 Aero**M**egh Login This AeroMegh login functionality allows users to add an AeroMegh account. Users can add AeroMegh account by filling in the proper information such as user name and password. Click on "Add Acount" button to add the account on AeroMegh.

#### **3.1.2 Theme** AeroGCS system users can change the Theme from here. The default Theme for system users is a "Light" theme. From this, you can change the Theme to "Dark". Restart the application to reflect the change in the theme. The application needs to restart for the changed theme to appear.

**3.1.3** **Weather Settings** In this tab, the user can select the city from the dropdown menu. Select the city properly to avoid inconvenience in the flight of the device.

{% embed url="" %} Weather Settings and Analysis {% endembed %} **3.1.4 Unit Settings**

The user can set the units for the following: * **Distance:** The user can set the unit of a distance either in 'Meters' or 'Feets'. * **Area:** The units of the area can be set to the desired unit from the drop-down list as shown in the following image.

* **Speed:** The units of speed of the vehicle are set according to the requirements as shown in the image below.

* **Temperature:** Units of temperature can be set to Fahrenheit o Celsius. In-flight Voice Assistance: Voice assistance will be provided during the flight so that the pilot will be able to listen to the warnings or messages from a drone. Before moving to the RPA configuration you should connect the device to AeroGCS. You can use a simulator like Mission Planner before the actual flight on the field. **Mission Planner:** Mission Planner is a free, open-source, community-supported application developed by Michael Oborne for the open-source APM autopilot project. Mission Planner is a full-featured ground station application for the ArduPilot open-source autopilot project. Mission Planner is a ground control station for Plane, Copter, and Rover. It is compatible with Windows only. Mission Planner can be used as a configuration utility or as a dynamic control supplement for your autonomous vehicle. ### **3.2** **RPA Configuration** The RPA configuration enables you to configure various parameters of RPA. As the below image shows, various parameters can be configured to tune the RPA machine.

### **3.3** **Connect** Connecting a drone to the software is essential for Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). There are different ways through which the drone can be easily connected and controlled through the software. You can select this option by clicking on the home button and then selecting connect option or directly clicking on the icon displayed in the top-bar options on the dashboard. The drone can be connected with different protocols like Serial Port, TCP, Bluetooth, UDP, etc. ![Connect a Drone](/files/qzgZcsQlh3TMiPlNTz7v) After the successful connection of the drone, you can fly and control the drone safely and smoothly. Select any one protocol according to your system configuration and connect a drone by setting the desired parameters. Details of these protocols and settings are available on the following link: ### **3.4 Cloud Sync** The cloud sync button is to sync all the projects and plans to the server. All the projects and plans which are created in AeroGCS are synced to the server and can be seen on the AeroMegh website under a particular user’s account. ### **3.5 Teams** Teams feature is used for managing the access of plans to the user according to the manager’s requirement. If the manager wants to give access to a particular plan to a specific user, then he/she can give it from his/her account. Users can also give access like create, read, edit and delete plan/plans. The member can log in from his/her account and can see the projects/plans according to the access which is given to him/her.

### **3.6** **GeoTag Images** A geotagged photograph is a photograph that is associated with a geographic position by geotagging. Usually, this is done by assigning at least a latitude and longitude to the image. In our geotagging feature we take images in the format of jpg or jpeg and add the latitude, longitude, and altitude into the image metadata i.e. its properties. For that the reference log file is needed which contains all GPS data and images captured during the plan.

{% embed url="" %} Using AeroGCS with Geotagged Images {% endembed %} ### 3.7 Image Upload This feature requires logging on to the subscription on the AeroMegh platform to upload the images captured by a drone. ### 3.8 Download Logs The user can download the log files in the form of bin format. The list of the bin files which are available to download will be popped up on the screen. The user will select a particular file to download on his local computer. The Bin file will be downloaded in the download folder from where it can be easily opened. To download the log file, select the file from the list of available logs and then click on the "Download" button as shown in the following image.

The user can "Refresh" the list to see the latest added bin files in the list. The list of bin files will be displayed with details as follows: * **id:** Numeric value will be assigned as an id for a bin file. * **File Name:** The details of a file containing the day, date, and time of the creation of a file * **Size:** Indicates the size of the bin file in MB * **Status:** Status of the file will be displayed such as "Available". When the file is downloaded the status will be changed to "Downloaded" as shown in the following image. The file location will be displayed on the screen.

### **3.9** **About Us** The about button is to see the information of the AeroGCS. Once clicked on the button the popup of information is displayed which contains the logo of PDRL, name of an application, version, build number, copyright, and website of AeroMegh.

### **3.10** **Exit** The exit button is to exit the application. Once clicked, it will shut down the application. ![Exit](/files/JoO2CjSRBaOQQkkLJT53) # 4 Project Allows creating a new project with all the details such as plan, flight type, mission, etc. A Project is a collection of information required for handling the entire operations in any activities. To fly a drone safely and smoothly, a number of parameters, and settings are required to set at desired values. There should be a predefined plan and path for flying a drone. All these things are handled by the "Project" section. The creation of a new project is an initial and required condition. No one can move forward without creating a project. {% hint style="info" %} To Create New Project Click on the '+' symbol --> Enter details --> Select Location --> Select flight type --> Set the fence and rally points (if required) --> Save the plan --> Fly the drone {% endhint %} This section provides the following options related to Project: 1. Create a Project 2. Set the Location for Flight 3. Select a Flight Type 4. Add a New Plan 5. Use of an Existing Plan 6. Edit the Plan 7. Save Project 8. Delete the Project # 4.1 Create Project For creating a new project click on the '+' symbol present on the dashboard near to project. This tab allows us to create a new project with project details such as Project name, client name, and Plan name. ![Create new Project](/files/45dxt1mPYK3QCcdT3vwK)

Project creation requires you to enter three different data fields. a) **Project Name:** This is the name of the project. Any alphabet with up to 50 characters long can be entered as the project name. b) **Plan Name:** This is the plan name. You can define a proper plan name. For example, Field01 can be a plan name. This will be a character input of up to ten characters. A newly created project may contain several plans with different types of vehicles and flight types. Plan can be created in offline mode also. Plans created in offline mode can be synchronized with the cloud so that the user can retrieve them whenever it's required. The user can create a number of plans with different vehicle types and flight types respectively. # 4.2 Setting Location This option is essential to set the location of flying a drone. After setting the details of the project, select the location where you want to fly the drone on Google Maps. Select the current location if no specific location is expected. Press the next button to proceed. ![Search Location for a project](/files/NDpIX9Sd24CtxS62eaOp) Setting a proper location is mandatory for a weather forecast. If the location set on the map and the location of the actual flying drone is not matching then you may face some problems related to weather. There are chances of damage to the drone and you may not be able to complete the flight. Based on the location set on the map, temperature, wind speed, and precipitation, etc. will be displayed in the Widgets on the dashboard. # 4.3 Flight Type Select the proper flight type as an AeroGCS KEA 2.3 mission for the flight. The mission planning method involves creating a flight plan for every Drone available to guarantee that the maximum number of locations are recognized while keeping in mind their significance as indicated by the priority. Different flight types are available such as waypoint, survey, spraying, etc. Select any one at a time and move further to complete a plan.

The user can set up a collection of points that define a plan or path for the UAV to follow or manually control the drone using these devices. They use conventional map technologies like Google Maps and provide a 2D view. In both circumstances, the application allows you to build a flight plan and have it instantly uploaded to a drone for a flight. The objectives of choosing the right mission plan are: * Choose the shortest paths for the mission, to reduce fuel consumption. * Reduce the possibility of losing UAV. * Ensure that the mission can be finished when there are no additional threats to the UAVs. For more details on flight types refer to the next section titled "Flight Types". # 4.4 Add a New Plan To add the new plan to the existing project click on the project to which you want to add the new plan. Then the screen will be displayed as below: ![Adding a Plan to a project](/files/OeY5zIWhnZBQR8yNBeRF) Create a new plan by clicking on the '+' . Give the proper plan name. Now, this page will allow only to change of the plan name. Any alterations are not allowed in the name of the project name and client name.

Adding a new plan to an existing Project

After setting the plan name, repeat the process of creating a project with all the steps. A number of plans can be added in this manner ![Project with different mission types](/files/pbXvageIjffnRyuPIjFh) {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** Creation of a number of plans with different flight types is allowed. One plan with one flight type. {% endhint %} ### Plan by Device in Android Version This is a new feature added to AeroGCS KEA. By using this feature, any user will be able to plot a plan with his Android device.

For creating a plan by device, the user has to use the AeroGCS KEA on his mobile device. Create a new project. Select "Device Location" from the options displayed under Search Location. Carry your device with you on the field and mark the locations on the field by reaching the desired ends on the actual field. This method results in the marking of more accurate locations on the fields. # 4.5 Use of an Existing Plan ### **4.5.1 Active Projects** This section helps you to manage your all active projects. Here all active projects are displayed. The project plan information is also displayed here. You can see how many flights in one project is completed and how many are remaining. ### **4.5.2 Planned Flights** Here you can see all the planned flights of a project. Under Planned flight section, list of all flights which are planned, is displayed. It displays the plan name, the approximate time to complete the flight plan and the altitude to achieve during the flight plan. You can open this plan ![Planned Flight](/files/P4zAqTgEkvmMP5WQe4dl) ### **4.5.3 Open Existing Plan** You can open an existing plan and fly the RPA using the existing plan. It saves time to prepare a new plan. Existing plan is opened with all of its settings. When you want to fly existing plan, you need to get the permission once again from DGCA system. In order to fly the RPA, you need to connect the RPA. When it is successfully connected then you can go for seeking permission from the DGCA. Once you get the permission, then you can fly the RPA. The user can select the existing plan for another purpose. Just select the project and plan from that project. You are allowed to select an offline plan as shown below. Click on the 'upload' button to use that plan for the flight. After uploading the plan now users can use the same plan for flights.

### 4.5.4 Resuming a Flight When the existing plan is opened then the "Resume" remark will be indicated by 'R' mark on the plan as shown in the following image.

Open an existing plan with Resume remark

The following window popped up when selecting the existing plan to upload. The AeroGCS KEA 2.3 will prompt the user for confirmation to "Upload Resume Mission" or not. Selecting the "Yes" option will allow you to resume the earlier mission plan from the previous position.

Selection of Resume Remarks 'Yes" Plan for Flight

This functionality will be useful in emergency cases such as replacing batteries, refilling the tanks of pesticides, insecticides, etc. for spraying. The mission plan has to be continued after the replacement of batteries, then this functionality is the best solution. It will reduce the time in planning and flying both.

Resuming the Drone from earlier Position

The marked portion in the above image shows the earlier position of the drone to resume to fly. The above image shows resuming of the flight from the previous position. Here the home position will get altered automatically when the drone is landed in between. So while resuming the flight the drone will start from this position instead of starting from the earlier position. Thus it reduces the time and duplications in the actions. After completing the mission with this resume remark, the drone will land at the new home position instead of the starting position of the mission. ### **4.5.5 Add New Plans to Project** Under this section, you can add a new plan to a project. ![Adding a Plan](/files/4RvLfD0CotXoUcqF3KcM) To create a new plan just click on '+' sign in front of 'Plan' menu.

Follow the same procedure for creating a plan according to requirements of an application. # 4.6 Edit the Plan Sometimes, it is required to edit the parameters or change the information which may be mistakenly entered. Editing allows us to do the modifications as per the requirements. Following are the steps for editing the plan: 1. Select the respective project. 2. Search and select the plan which you want to edit. 3. Three dots available on the right side of the project names in the project list gives access to edit the plan. Click on three dots and select the "Edit Plan" option from the popped list.

On the selection of this option, you can edit the plan in terms of all the required parameters. The user can keep the earlier parameter as it is. You can just verify the parameters entered by you earlier. When the existing plan is opened for modifications then it becomes 'Planned Flight' now which is shown in the following image.

Adding and removing the waypoints is possible in editing the plan. Add the waypoints by clicking on the plan. Even the user can change the positions of the waypoints just by selecting the particular waypoint and dragging it to the desired position.

To delete the waypoint, first select the waypoint then click on the "Clear" button. The selected waypoint will be deleted. Click on "Yes" to delete the selected waypoint.

The longitude and latitude of the fencing points can be altered by changing the locations of the fencing points as shown in the following image. Here fence point 4 is altered. (See the earlier image for reference.) The selected point is indicated by green color. The user may change the position of the selected point as well as delete that point.

If all the waypoints are to be deleted, then click on the "Clear All" button. All the waypoints will be erased and you can draw a new waypoints. # 4.7 Save Project Once all the desired and required parameters are set at proper values then proceed further. You can save the changes made by clicking on the 'Save' button. ![Save the modified plan](/files/wo2tVi3VQfYnC0YTzCKD) All the changes will be stored once you have saved these. Once the parameters are saved for the particular plan these will be allotted to only that plan and project. The parameters and plans will remain unchanged unless and until these are changed forcibly. This feature provides the advantage to use the same plan for various purposes. If you proceed without saving the new parameters then previous or default parameters will be considered. No need to create a new plan and project every time. # 4.8 Delete the Project The user can delete the plan as well as the project from the project list. Click on the three dots displayed on the right side of the project name on the dashboard. Select the 'delete project' option to delete the entire project. The same procedure can be repeated for the plan.

To delete a plan from a project, open the selected project then select the plan present in the project. Click on the three dots displayed on the right side of the plan name. Select the 'delete plan' option. ![Delete a Plan](/files/pbxQu8nXbb2D5kXtxWOP) Popup will appear for verifying whether to delete the selected project or plan. Press yes to confirm deletion of project or plan. Once the project is deleted you cannot retrieve it. Be careful with the deletion process. ![Confirmation before Deletion](/files/8u3LZUROzu0V044EmlpI) {% hint style="warning" %} **Warning:** Once the project is deleted you cannot retrieve it. Be careful with the deletion process. {% endhint %} # 5 Connecting a Drone To have a successful flight, the drone should follow and respond to the commands given by RC. For this, a drone should be properly connected to the GCS. There should be proper communication between the drone and GCS and RC. Drone will be connected through a wireless connections. So the user has to provide the necessary information to establish the communication between drone and software. The AeroGCS KEA 2.3 provides the following options for connecting a drone. You can connect a drone in the following ways: 1. **From the dashboard:** Click on the icon

on the top-bar options of the dashboard to connect the drone. 2. **From Home menu:**

3\. **Connect a drone while creating a new Project:** You have to connect a device before creating a new project. The AeroGCS will prompt you to connect a device before creating a project as shown in image:

Connect a Drone before creating a Project

Click on "Yes" button to connect a drone so that you can upload the plan with desired settings into a drone. Following are the steps for establishing the connection for any of these ways. * **Set the Communication Link:**

#### **1. Serial Port Setting** In the serial port setting the user can connect the device using serial communication. Also, users can set different baud rates as per the requirement and connect the device. **1.1 Serial Port:** Select a serial port from the drop-down list. Proper selection of the serial port will help to establish the proper communication link. **1.2 Baud rate:** Computers communicate by transmitting bits of digital data from one device to another device through transmission media. You can send and receive data without worrying about setting up the details. The baud rate is the rate at which information is transferred in a communication channel. Baud rate is the rate at which the number of signal elements or changes to the signal occurs per second when it passes through a transmission medium. The higher the baud rate the faster is the data sent/received. **Baud rate = Number of signal elements/total time (in seconds)** Baud rate is important in the case of serial communication. In the serial port context, "9600 baud" means that the serial port is capable of transferring a maximum of 9600 bits per second. **1.3 Data Bits:** The data bits that are transmitted over a serial port can be used to represent device commands, sensor readings, error messages, and more. Text (ASCII) or binary data can both be used to transfer the data. The majority of serial ports use five to eight data bits. Eight bits of binary data are typically transmitted. Text data is transmitted in either seven or eight bits. Since there are 27 or 128 different characters in the ASCII character set, the data must have a minimum of seven bits. If an eighth bit is used, it must be set to 0. Because there are 28 or 256 distinct characters in the extended ASCII character set, eight bits must be used. **1.4 Parity** is an error-checking procedure in which the number of 1s must always be the same - either even or odd - for each group of bits that is transmitted without error. In modem-to-modem communications, parity is often one of the parameters that must be agreed upon by sending parties and receiving parties before transmission can take place

**1.5 Data Flow Control** **RTS/CTS:** The Request To Send (RTS)/ Clear To Send (CTS) protocol is a handshaking technique that uses a single wire in each direction to allow each device to signal to the other whether it is prepared to receive data at any given time. This is simply done to let the modem know that the host is prepared to send data and that a communication channel can be established. RTS simply indicates that the host wishes to send data, whereas CTS simply indicates that you may begin sending data. **XON/XOFF:** These are also known as Software Flow Control. XON/XOFF are control characters that are used in data transmission. A receiving device uses XOFF to inform the transmitting device that it must stop transmitting. The XON character is sent when the device is ready to resume operation. #### 2. TCP In the TCP communication setting, the user can set the host address, listing port, target address, and target port. The User can enter the desired values as per requirement or if the user wants to connect the Herelink then can connect directly without changing the parameters.

**2.1 Host Address:** It is the address of the host computer through which the drone is controlled and monitored. If the user wants to change it he can, otherwise let it be as it is. **2.2** **Listening Port:** The address of the device to which the system is connected. You may change it or else let it be as it is. #### **3. UDP** User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a Transport Layer protocol. UDP is a part of the Internet Protocol suite, referred to as UDP/IP suite. Unlike TCP, it is an unreliable and connectionless protocol. So, there is no need to establish a connection before data transfer.

#### 4. Bluetooth The user can connect devices that are Bluetooth based like skydroid. The User has to turn on the Bluetooth and location (if required) to connect the device. ![Settings for Bluetooth](/files/y4GSRzdTdWOaPbYfG2f4) The system will scan for the available Bluetooth devices if "Scan" button is pressed. It will scan all the devices and the list will be displayed in the "Bluetooth Devices" option. Select the required device to pair with GCS and proceed for connection. Select "Stop" option to stop the "Scan" process for Bluetooth devices. {% embed url="" %} **Connecting Your Drone** {% endembed %} #### Advanced Settings for Communication Link: Click on the "Advanced" button to set the advanced settings. Settings for telemetry can be established through Advanced Settings. These settings are the same for all types of connections. Set all required parameters otherwise let it be as it is. ![Advanced Settings for Serial Communication](/files/ZfHRteOF44jtUBfVHKKe) The above image shows the advanced settings for communicating with the device. Various parameters can be set according to the hardware available on the device. These are as follows: * **Altitude:** Set the altitude of the telemetry connected. * **Position:** Set the position for the telemetry. Select the desired value from the dropdown menu. * **Mode/Status:** Set the mode or Status of the telemetry according to the entire system configuration. Select the values of modes/status from the dropdown menu. * **RC:** Select the channel where RC is connected. Again select the value from the dropdown menu. * **Sensor:** Select the option from the dropdown menu to set the sensors. * **Disconnection Time:** The idle time after which the telemetry link will be disabled. It should be always less than 180 seconds. * **Connect Reset:** Click in this box to reset the connection with the telemetry link. # 6 RPA Configuration RPA configuration describes options for configuration of RPA. RPA is a Remotely Piloted Aircraft. Therefore, it should work remotely and provide accurate results. Drones are controlled by the pilot through remote control associated with the drone. * Calibration of sensors, motors, ESCs, and compass is important for a flight that is to be carried out before the flight. * The camera parameters are to be set to capture maximum and good-quality images and videos of the area over which the drone is flying. * The actions are to be assigned to handle emergency situations to avoid the destruction of a drone. * Parameters related to battery, power, and others are adjusted and set very easily with RPA Configuration. # 6.1 Selection of Airframes The airframe is the chassis that holds all the components, and payloads on it. Its size and capacity are very much concerned with the construction of drones. As discussed in 1st module of the Certification Course - PCDP, the selection of airframes should be proper to carry the weight of all the components of a drone. Selection of the proper airframe is necessary as it is associated with the firmware of the system.

The Airframe setting can be done to choose the required airframe so that flight controller software can understand and operate accordingly. This is a very important setting and must be ensured before a flight is taken. It has two types of settings. a) **Frame Class** All the standard classes of airframe supported by Ardupilot and PX4 firmware are displayed here. You need to select on of them and reboot the drone. b) **Frame Type:** All the standard frame types of airframe supported by Ardupilot and PX4 firmware are displayed here. You need to select one of them as per drone's physical specifications.

After selecting the class and type of airframe click on the "Update" button to update the parameters. # 6.2 Calibration of Sensors Sensors are important in the working of a drone. Every sensor should respond to the respective input with excellent efficiency and time response. There should not be any lag in the response of the system. For availing the better performance from the sensors, one should calibrate these before the flight.

The Sensor Setup section allows you to configure and calibrate the vehicle's compass, gyroscope, accelerometer and pressure. ### 6.2.1 Calibration of **Accelerometer** Under this setting, you can calibrate the accelerometer of the device. Once you click on the ‘Calibrate' button you would be asked to hold the vehicle in various orientations. Follow the instructions popped on the screen and calibrate the accelerometer.

### **6.2.2 Calibration of Compass** Select the "Compass" tab first. Click on "Calibrate" button. Follow the instructions displayed on the screen. You need to rotate the vehicle randomly around all axes until the progress bar fills all the way to the right and the calibration completes.

{% hint style="info" %} **Note:** While the vehicle is armed, compass calibration is not possible. {% endhint %} **Compass Declination:** – The angle formed by the compass's deviation from true north is referred to as "declination" (or "magnetic declination"). Set the compass declination value in radian. The minimum value allowed is -3.14 and the maximum value allowed is +3.14 . **Compass Fitness** * Select the required option from the dropdown menu. * Click on the "Update" button to send the parameters to the device. * Set Compass Fitness to "Relaxed" if compass calibration fails. ### **6.2.3 Calibration of Level Horizon** If the horizon is not level after completing accelerometer calibration you can calibrate the level horizon for your vehicle. You will be asked to place and hold your vehicle in level orientations while it captures orientation.

{% hint style="info" %} **Note:** Leveling the horizon is highly recommended for optimal flight performance. If you notice a persistent drift during flying, repeat this procedure. {% endhint %} Level Horizon Calibration is used to compensate for minor misalignments in controller orientation as well as to level the horizon in ground control flyview. After the orientation is established and the level-horizon calibration is complete, check in the flight view that the heading in the compass is around 0 when you point the vehicle towards the north and that the horizon is level. ### **6.2.4 Calibration of Pressure Sensor** This calibration sets the altitude to zero at the current pressure.

Click on "Calibrate" button to calibrate the Barometer - pressure sensor used in a drone. The system will carry out the process of calibration. On successful completion of the calibration process, the "Barometer calibration complete" message will be displayed. ### **6.2.5 Calibrate Flow Sensors**

This section allows to you configure flow-related parameters. For estimating the velocity, Optical Flow employs a downward-facing camera and a distance sensor. These may be linked using MAVLink, I2C, or another bus that facilitates the peripheral. Configuration options are as below: * **Flow Enable** – To enable the flow select "Enable" otherwise select "Disable" from dropdown options. * **X axis correction factor** – This factor is required to control the movement either in right or left direction on X-axis. Negative values of the X-axis correction factor indicate right movement and positive values of the X-axis correction factor indicate left movement. * **Y axis correction factor** – This factor is required to control the movement either in the forward direction or backward direction on Y-axis. Positive values indicate the movement in the forward direction whereas, negative values of this factor indicate the movement in the backward direction on Y-axis. * **Flow sensor yaw alignment** – The deviations in the center positions of the device is controlled by this factor. # 6.3 Safety Parameters Safety section provides various configuration options for RPA safety.

**Failsafe** means including some mechanism for automatically mitigating the consequences of a potential source of failure. These ensure that if something goes wrong in the pathway, processes are in place to identify: 1. What is going wrong? 2. What action follows to ensure a safe outcome? Failsafe should be a ‘closed loop’ process. Effective failsafe monitoring necessitates noting but the start and end points of essential activities (often via a systematic procedure and/or an IT system), as well as a mechanism to verify that all opened loops are closed within an adequate timeframe. In the event that vehicle control is lost, Copter has a number of failsafe features in place to aid vehicle recovery and prevent wandering. These are the safety measures and therefore everyone should take utmost care of these failsafe. Failsafe which are to be considered are as follows: ### **6.3.1 Battery Failsafe Trigger** This section sets the Battery Failsafe parameters. You can set low and critical thresholds for voltage and/or remaining capacity and define the action if the failsafe value is breached. The thresholds can be disabled by setting them to zero. Following options are available for configuration.

* Low action - Select one from * None, * Land, * RTL, * SmartRTL, * SmartRTL or Land, * Terminate. * Critical action - Select one from * None, * Land, * RTL, * SmartRTL, * SmartRTL or Land, * Terminate. * Low voltage threshold - Battery voltage that triggers the low action. * Critical voltage threshold - Battery voltage that triggers the critical action. * Low mAh threshold - Battery capacity that triggers the low action. * Critical mAh threshold - Battery capacity that triggers the critical action. {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** The battery failsafe can only be reset if the device is rebooted after it has activated. {% endhint %} **6.3.1.1 Failsafe Trigger**

**6.3.1.2 Ground Station Failsafe**

The Ground Station Control (GCS) failsafe regulates how the Copter reacts if it loses contact with the GCS. When a GCS failsafe is triggered, the copter can be configured via parameters to do nothing, land immediately, RTL, or SmartRTL. It can also be configured to bypass the failsafe in an Auto Mode mission, bypass the failsafe in pilot controlled modes, or to continue landing if already in a landing phase. **6.3.1.3 Throttle Failsafe**

You can configure a software failsafe that is activated by setting on the throttle input channel using the throttle failsafe. **6.3.1.4 PWM Threshold** Set the value of current as a PWM threshold ranging from 925 to 1100 Amps. **6.3.1.5 RC Threshold** To set the RC threshold click on the "Set" button. Follow the instructions appearing on the screen to complete the process of setting RC threshold.

To set the PWM settings of RC follow the instructions that popped up on the screen as shown in the image below.

After adjusting all these threshold values, click on the "Update" button to update these values. ### **6.3.2 Return to Launch (RTL)** This section sets the RTL Mode behavior. The following configurations are available. Select RTL return altitude: 1. **Return at Current Altitude** - Return at the current altitude. Enable this option to return at the current altitude. If this option is enabled then the "return at specific altitude" option will be disabled. 2. **Return at Specific Altitude** - Enable this option to set a specific altitude for returning the device. Ascend to a specified altitude to return if below the current altitude. Set the specific altitude value from 0 to 8000 cm. 3. **Loiter Above Home** - Enable it to set a loiter time before landing from 0 to 60000 ms. 4. **Land Speed:** Set the land speed with Descend speed from 30 to 200 cm/s. 5. **Final Land Altitude:** After enabling this option, the user can set the final land Altitude from 0 to 1000 cm.

### **6.3.3 Geofence** This section sets the parameters for the cylindrical Simple Geofence. You can set whether the fence radius or height are enabled, the maximum values for causing a breach, and the action in the event of a breach. The configuration allows following settings.

* **Circle GeoFence enabled** - Enable the circular geofence. * **Altitude GeoFence enabled** - Enable altitude geofence. **Fence Type:** Select the fence type from the given options such as: * **Altitude:** This allows to setup altitude fence so that RPA will be within defined altitude. * **Circle:** This defines circular type of fence. * **Polygon:** This defines polygon type of geo fence. The user can select all or any one from the given options depends on the requirement of application. Fence action may be any one from the following: * **Report only** - This option will provide the report of aa breach of the fence only. No action will be performed. * **RTL or Land** - On the breach of fence, the drone will enter into either Return To Home or Return to Land whichever is closer and safer to land.

* **Fence Maximum Altitude:** This is the maximum altitude then RPA should go. If this limit is crossed, then fence action should get activated. The user can set the Fence altitude as minimum of 10 and maximum of 1000 m. | Increment | Range | Units | | --------- | -------- | ------ | | 1 | 10 -1000 | meters | * **Fence Margin:** Distance that autopilots should maintain from the fence to avoid a breach. This is the safety margin of fence. The minimum allowed value for fence margin is 1 m whereas the maximum of 10 m is allowed. * **Circular Fence Radius:** Circle fence radius which when breached will cause an RTL. Here you can define maximum radius of a circular fence. The radius for circular fence may vary between 30 to 10000 m. | Range | Units | | ---------- | ------ | | 30 – 10000 | meters | * **Fence Polygon Point Total:** Here you can define maximum polygon points a fence should consider. Maximum of 20 polygon fence points are allowed. Click on the Update button to update the settings done. ### **6.3.4 Arming Checks** The configuration options under this section are.

Arming Checks to perform (ARMING\_CHECK) - Check all appropriate: Barometer, Compass, GPS lock, INS, Parameters, RC Channels, Board voltage, Battery Level, Airspeed, Logging Available, Hardware safety switch, GPS Configuration, System. **Barometer:** the barometer sensor is reporting that it is unhealthy which is normally a sign of a hardware failure. **Compass:** the compass sensor is reporting that it is unhealthy which is a sign of a hardware failure. **GPS Lock:** the GPS is glitching and the vehicle is in a flight mode that requires GPS (i.e. Loiter, PosHold, etc) and/or the cylindrical fence is enabled. **INS:** some or all of the accelerometer’s offsets are zero. The accelerometers need to be calibrated. Accels not healthy: one of the accelerometers is reporting it is not healthy which could be a hardware issue. This can also occur immediately after a firmware update before the board has been restarted. The accelerometers are reporting accelerations which are different by at least 1m/s/s. One of the gyroscopes is reporting it is unhealthy which is likely a hardware issue. This can also occur immediately after a firmware update before the board has been restarted. **RC Channels:** **Parameter:** Auxiliary Function Switches are set to the same option which is not permitted because it could lead to confusion. **Board Voltage checks:** The board’s internal voltage is below 4.3 Volts or above 5.8 Volts. If powered through a USB cable (i.e. while on the bench) this can be caused by the desktop computer being unable to provide sufficient current to the autopilot - try replacing the USB cable. If powered from a battery this is a serious problem and the power system (i.e. Power Module, battery, etc) should be carefully checked before flying. **Battery Level:** If a power monitor voltage is below its failsafe low or critical voltages or failsafe remaining capacity low or critical set points, this check will fail and indicate which set point it is below. It will also fail if these set points are inverted, i.e. critical point is higher than low point. **Airspeed:** If an airspeed sensor is configured, and it is not providing a reading or failed to calibrate, this check will fail. **Logging** pre-armed was enabled but failed to write to the log. **Hardware safety switch:** The Hardware safety switch has not been pushed. **GPS Configuration:** {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** When any Failsafe is activated and the failsafe action involves a mode change to the vehicle, it remains in that mode until the pilot changes the mode directly. {% endhint %} ### 6.3.5 Parachute This section sets the advanced safety i.e. parachute ejection. Under this setting there are parameters like parachute enabled, parachute type, parachute servo ON, parachute servo Off, parachute minimum altitude, parachute delay and parachute critical sink rate. By setting the values advanced safety feature can be used.

### 6.3.6 Terrain Settings This feature allows the vehicle to climb or descend to maintain a specified distance above the terrain using SRTM data (aka terrain altitude data) provided by the GCS using a mapping service such as Google maps. To follow terrain data user, have to enable the parameters such as Enable Terrain and Terrain Follow switch. The Terrain enable parameter enable the terrain functionality and generate the Terrain folder in your Flight controller SD Card. Terrain follow parameter enables the terrain mode in RTL and Land mode. User can also set the radius using in Terrain Radius Text box and this radius is used to download the terrain file. When user enables the Follow Terrain Data switch, the GCS will generate and download the terrain file and that file is automatically get uploaded to the SD Card. The file is stored permanently into SD Card. To follow Terrain Data the Follow Terrain Data switch should be enabled, otherwise it won't follow Terrain functionality. Before enable Follow Terrain Data switch user have to select the location of Drone which used to download the terrain file. By enabling all these parameters, the vehicle will follow Terrain Data functionality.

# 6.4 Assigning Flight Modes

In Flight Modes **(RPA Configuration >Flight Modes)**, Flight modes are controlled through the radio (via a transmitter switch), or using commands from AeroGCS. When using Copter for the first time, you should typically progress through the flight modes in the order listed below, making sure that you are comfortable with each before moving on to the next.

**Following flight modes:** 1. **Stabilize Mode**: Stabilize mode allows you to fly your vehicle manually, but self-levels the roll and pitch axis. 2. **Acro**: Acro mode uses the RC sticks to control the angular velocity of the copter in each axis. Release the sticks and the vehicle will maintain its current attitude and will not return to level (attitude hold). Acro mode is useful for aerobatics such as flips or rolls, or FPV when smooth and fast control is desired. 3. **Altitude Hold**: In altitude hold mode, Copter maintains a consistent altitude while allowing roll, pitch, and yaw to be controlled normally. 4. **Auto Mode**: In Auto mode the copter will follow a pre-programmed mission script stored in the autopilot which is made up of navigation commands. AUTO mode incorporates the altitude control from AltHold mode and position control from Loiter mode. 5. **Guided Mode**: Guided mode is a capability of Copter to dynamically guide the copter to a target location wirelessly using a telemetry radio module and ground station application. 6. **Loiter Mode**: Loiter Mode automatically attempts to maintain the current location, heading and altitude. 7. **RTL Mode:** RTL mode (Return to launch mode) navigates Copter from its current position to hover above the home position. 8. **Circle**: Circle will orbit a point located CIRCLE\_RADIUS centimeters in front of the vehicle with the nose of the vehicle pointed at the center. 9. **Land Mode**: LAND Mode attempts to bring the copter straight down. 10. **Drift Mode**: This page provides tips for flying in Drift Mode and methods for tuning your copter to fly optimally in Drift Mode. 11. **Sport Mode**: Sport Mode is also known as “rate controlled stabilize” plus Altitude Hold. 12. **Flip Mode**: Vehicle will flip on its roll or pitch axis depending upon the pilot’s roll and pitch stick position. 13. **AutoTune:** In order to achieve the highest response with minimal overshoot, AutoTune makes an automatic adjustment to the Stabilize P, Rate P and D, and maximum rotational accelerations. Before attempting to use AutoTune, the copter must be "basically" flyable in AltHold mode, as the feature must be able to "twitch" the copter in the roll and pitch axes. 14. **PosHold Mode**: It is similar to Loiter in that the vehicle maintains a constant location, heading, and altitude but is generally more popular because the pilot stick inputs directly control the vehicle’s lean angle providing a more “natural” feel. 15. **Brake Mode**: This very simple flight mode simply stops the vehicle as soon as possible using the Loiter controller. 16. **Throw mode**: This slightly dangerous flight mode allows the pilot to throw the vehicle into the air (or drop the vehicle) in order to start the motors. 17. **Avoid ADSB:** AVOID\_ADSB uses the output from the ADS-B sensor to try to steer clear of manned vehicles. This mode is automatically activated when avoidance is required based on various parameters. As soon as the threat has subsided, exit is also automatic. 18. **Guided NoGPS:** Without a GPS (i.e., non-GPS navigation), Guided\_NoGPS does not permit a vehicle to maintain position. 19. **Smart RTL Mode**: When switched into Smart RTL, like regular RTL, the vehicle will attempt to return home. 20. **Flow Hold Mode**: Flow Hold mode uses an optical flow sensor to hold position without the need for a GPS nor a downward facing Lidar. 21. **Follow**: When switched into Follow, the vehicle will attempt to follow another vehicle (or anything publishing its position) at a specified offset. 22. **Zigzag mode**: Zigzag mode is a semi-autonomous mode designed to make it easier for a pilot to fly a vehicle back and forth across a field which can be useful for crop spraying. | Flight Mode | PWM Range | | ------------- | ----------- | | Flight Mode 1 | 0 – 1230 | | Flight Mode 2 | 1231 – 2360 | | Flight Mode 3 | 1361 – 1490 | | Flight Mode 4 | 1491 – 1620 | | Flight Mode 5 | 1621 – 1749 | | Flight Mode 6 | 1750 + | # 6.5 RC Calibration In RC configuration **(RPA Configuration > RC Config)**, RC transmitters allow the pilot to set the flight mode, control the vehicle’s movement and orientation and also turn on/off auxiliary functions (i.e. raising and lowering landing gear, etc.). * RC Calibration involves capturing each RC input channel’s minimum, maximum and “trim” values so that ArduPilot can correctly interpret the input. * Move both sticks in the largest circle possible so that they reach their complete range of motion. Move the Ch 5 and 6 toggle switches through their range of positions. * Your transmitter should cause the following control changes: Channel 1: low = roll left, high = roll right. Channel 2: low = pitch forward, high=pitch back. Channel 3: low = throttle down (off), high = throttle up. Channel 4: low = yaw left, high = yaw right. ![RC Calibration ](/files/wZaa24o5NdEBC5Kn5mbl) For calibrating RC through AeroGCS, click on "Calibrate" button. Follow the instructions popped up on the screen. ![Calibration Process for RC](/files/xyiSaxgYsmVaKnzvpZzm) * Ensure the status of transmitter and receiver as Power On. * Ensure that the transmitter and receiver are connected properly. * Ensure that the propellers are not connected to the motors. Also, make sure that the motors are not powered ON. * Click ok and move all sticks and switches to their extreme positions. * Reset all transmitter trims to center. Then click "Ok" button. * Click on "Click When Done" button to move further. ![Detected RC values](/files/JJct1VYdySyw4kWJHh82) * Detected RC values will be displayed on the screen. * Press "Ok" button and proceed. * You will get the screen as shown in the following image showing that RC calibration is completed. ![RC Calibration Completed](/files/B48uMvzuMKala1lwhJjc) ![RPA Configuration -RC Calibration](/files/oBNZUoxYpGNhLJ6x8CUz) ![RC Calibration](/files/hS6VCDNasZQ1U3mR0vUk) * Ensure the channels assigned are proper or not. Click on "Update" after confirmation. * Parameters are sent to the device. Click on "Ok" to proceed. * Now the entire RC calibration process is completed. # 6.6 Motor and ESC Calibration ### 6.6.1 Motor Testing:

{% hint style="info" %} **Note:** It is mandatory to calibrate ESC before the motor test. {% endhint %} In this section, testing of the motors is carried out. There is a motor test option for quadcopter and hexacopter devices. As per the frame type, it shows the motor test slider. It will show 4 sliders for a quad and 6 sliders for hexa as shown in the image below:

{% hint style="info" %} **Note:** Remove the propellers from the device before motor test. {% endhint %} ### 6.6.2 ESC Calibration In ESC Calibration **(RPA Configuration > ESC Calibration)**, Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs) regulate motor speed (and direction) based on the PWM input value from the flight controller (FC). The range of inputs to which an ESC will respond is configurable, and the default range can differ even between ESCs of the same model. This calibration updates all the ESCs with the maximum and minimum PWM input values that will be supplied by the flight controller. Subsequently all the ESCs/motors will respond to flight controller input in the same way (across the whole input range).

Click on "Calibrate" button and proceed with the instructions that appeared on the screen. Follow all the steps for calibrating all the ESCs. The steps mentioned are as follows: * Disconnect USB and battery so the flight controller powers down. * Connect the battery. * The arming tone will be played if the vehicle has a buzzer attached. * Press the safety button until it turns into solid red color if the flight controller is having safety button. * Listen to two beeps in a musical tone. * After a few seconds, listen to a number of beeps (one for each battery cell you are using). * Listen to a final single long beep indicating the endpoints and completion of calibration of ESCs. * Disconnect the battery and power up again normally. # 6.7 Managing a Battery (Power Settings) This section allows you to configure power-related safety parameters. Normally, the power source used in drones is batteries which will supply sufficient voltage and current. Configuration options are as below. * **Battery Monitor** – Configure the battery monitoring method.

Power settings of the battery can be monitored with analog voltage and current as well as analog voltage only as shown in the image. * **Battery Capacity** – allow to set the battery maximum in terms of power capacity. * **Minimum Arming Voltage** – sets the minimum voltage to start giving an alarm about battery. * **Power Sensor** – select the power sensors of the RPA device.

The user may select any one from the given options from the dropdown menu. Normally, the option selected is "Other" if not sure about the other options. * **Current Pin**: Select the appropriate option from the drop-down menu to set it as a current pin.

* **Voltage Pin**: Select the appropriate option from the drop-down menu to set it as a voltage pin.

* **Voltage Multiplier** - This is used for calculating and determining the threshold values of voltage. Firstly, measure the voltage of batteries with external voltmeter and enter it in the "Measured Voltage" window and then click on the "Calculate" button for calculating the voltage multiplier. The voltage multiplier factor will be calculated which is used for further processing and decision making.

Similarly, Amps per voltage value will be calculated.

* **Amps Offset**: Enter the value for considering the offset in Amps values if any otherwise enter 0 as an offset. After calculating all these values and setting the battery monitor mode, etc. now the user can update the data by pressing the "Update" button. # 6.8 Serial Parameter Settings This section allows to you configure serial interface-related parameters. For establishing the communication the selection of a proper serial port with proper baud rate and protocol is necessary. Therefore, here in this section, the user has to set the appropriate values of the baud rate and communication protocol. Configuration options are as below. * **Serial 0:** Set baud rate and communication protocol for a console. * **Serial 1:** Set baud rate and protocol for Telemetry 1. * **Serial 2:** Set baud rate and protocol for Telemetry 2. * **Serial 3:** Set baud rate and protocol for GPS. * **Serial 4:** Set baud rate and protocol for serial 4. * **Serial 5:** Set baud rate and protocol for serial 5. * **Serial 6:** Set baud rate and protocol for serial 6. * **Baud rate** : Set the speed of transfer of bits from the serial port. * **Protocol :** Set the protocol of transfer of data.

* Select the proper values of the baud rate from the dropdown menu. * Select the proper communication protocol from the dropdown menu provided. * After selecting all the parameters update the data by clicking on the "Update" button. * All the parameters are sent to the device to store and respond accordingly. # 6.9 Camera and Camera Config The camera must be securely attached to the gimbal, yet in a way that reduces or dampens motor vibrations. Attaining both goals at the same time is difficult! A gimbal is a type of support that allows for rotation around a single axis. A set of 2 or 3 gimbals mounted at 90 degrees will keep the camera in level irrespective of the movements of the gimbals. Roll and pitch stabilization is established with 2 axis gimbal whereas, 3 axis gimbal provides the stabilization of roll, pitch and yaw. Soft foam, stiff foam, neoprene tubes (mount camera on tube side), surgical tube, rubber bands, nylon bolt (direct firm attachment), and velcro are all common techniques for attaching the camera on the gimbal.

Select the model of a camera from a drop-down list available. Update the setting by clicking on the "Update" button. #### 6.9.1 Camera Settings: * **Camera Relay:** Set the camera relay to "Low" or "High" * **Camera Servo On:** Set Camera Servo On value in PWM from 1000 to 2000. * **Camera Servo Off:** Set Camera Servo Off value in PWM from 1000 to 2000. * **Camera Trigger Type:** Set Camera Trigger Type to 'Servo' or 'Relay' from a drop-down menu. * **Camera Trigger Distance:** Set the camera trigger distance to trigger the camera automatically at the desired distance. The user can set a distance from 0 to 1000 m. * **Camera Trigger Duration:** Set the camera trigger distance at the desired value in Desiseconds from 0 to 50. * **Camera Relay Pin:** Set the Camera relay pin as per the requirements from 0 to 50. #### 6.9.2 Gimbal Settings: A gimbal can assist in removing unwelcome movement along the three axes, but it cannot eliminate vertical movement. Tilt motion or pitch motion is an up-and-down motion of the camera. Roll motion means rotating the camera to the left or right. Make sure the gimbal is completely flexible and can point the camera in any direction if you need to view structures from below, such as bridges or overpasses. If the camera is mounted on a gimbal, you can additionally control the orientation of the gimbal or make it track a certain object. This section allows to you configure camera and gimbal related parameters. Configuration options are as below. * **Gimbal Tilt:** Gimbal and camera movement up and down. The user can set Input and Output Channel in Stabilize and Servo reverse mode.

Select the output and input channel from the drop-down list to set the respective channel. **Output Channel:** Select the channel from the drop-down list and enable "Stabilize"' mode. If it is selected to as "Disable" then the user can not change the mode to stabilize or not. **Input Channel:** Select a channel from the output channel then only you will be able to set the input channels from the drop-down list. The user can set "Servo reverse" enabled or disabled. **Gimbal Angle Limits:** Set the limits for the Gimbal angle so that every image is clear. **Servo PWM Limits:** Set the servo PWM limits ranging from 500 to 2200. Don't exceed the limits on either sides. * **Gimbal Roll:** Similar to Gimbal Tilt, set all the parameters for Gimbal Roll as shown in the following image. The gimbal or camera is lifted to the left or right by a positive roll angle. This allows you to set action on breach of fence.

* **Gimbal PAN:** A lateral side to side movement of the gimbal / camera to the left or right. This allows you to set action on breach of fence. * **Gimbal Setting:** * Gimbal Type: Select type of a Gimbal from the drop-down menu as shown in the image below.

* Default Mode: Select the default mode of the Gimbal from the drop-down menu as shown in the following image.

To summarize with the camera settings **(RPAConfiguration > Camera)**, ranges are given following: | Gimbal Setting | Gimbal angle limits | Min | Max | Units | | Cdeg | | ---------------- | ------------------- | ------ | ----- | ------ | ----- | ---- | | Gimbal Tilt | Gimbal angle limits | -18000 | 17999 | -18000 | 17999 | Cdeg | | Servo PWM limits | 500 | 2200 | 800 | 2200 | Pwm | | | Gimbal Roll | Gimbal angle limits | -18000 | 17999 | -18000 | 17999 | Cdeg | | Servo PWM limits | 500 | 2200 | 800 | 2200 | Pwm | | | Gimbal Pan | Gimbal angle limits | -18000 | 17999 | -18000 | 17999 | Cdeg | | Servo PWM limits | 500 | 2200 | 800 | 2200 | Pwm | | | Type | Min | Max | Units | | ----------------------- | ---- | ---- | ----------- | | Camera servo off | 1000 | 2000 | Pwm | | Camera servo on | 1000 | 2000 | Pwm | | Camera trigger distance | 0 | 1000 | m | | Camera trigger duration | 0 | 50 | deciseconds | # 6.10 Joystick Settings The user can use a joystick for controlling a drone. To enable and set the buttons according to the requirements, the user has to set these buttons through this setting and then the user can use joystick for controlling the drone.

* **Enable Joystick:** Tick this option to enable the joystick. * **Active Joystick:** Select the active joystick from the drop-down list displayed. * **Button Assignment:** Assign the buttons for the reverse and center positions by clicking on the "Start" button. The user can skip or cancel any of the button assignments according to the requirement. After assigning the buttons properly, click on the "Update" button to update the settings. # 6.11 Spraying Configuration This section allows you to configure spraying-related parameters such as minimum, and maximum PWM values, RC switch, etc.

* **Enable Spraying: Sprayer enable/disable:** Allows you to enable or disable the sprayer. * **RC Switch:** Set the value of the RC switch in between 0 to maximum of 102. * **BRD PWM Count:** Controls the number of PWM-enabled Flight Management Unit (FMU) outputs. All unassigned pins on the board can be used for GPIO. | Value | Meaning | | ----- | ---------- | | 0 | No PWMs | | 1 | One PWMs | | 2 | Two PWMs | | 3 | Three PWMs | | 4 | Four PWMs | | 5 | Five PWMs | | 6 | Six PWMs | | 7 | Seven PWMs | | 8 | Eight PWMs | {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** This parameter is for advanced users. Controls number of FMU outputs which are setup for PWM. All unassigned pins can be used for GPIO. {% endhint %} * **SERVO9 Function \[Aux 1]** * **PWM Min:** Minimum PWM pulse width in microseconds. Typically 500 is lower limit, 1000 is neutral and 2000 is upper limit. * **PWM Max:** Maximum PWM pulse width in microseconds. Typically 800 is lower limit, 1500 is neutral and 2000 is upper limit. * **SERVO10 Function \[Aux 2]** * **PWM Min:** Minimum PWM pulse width in microseconds. Typically 500 is lower limit, 1000 is neutral and 2000 is upper limit * **PWM Max:** Maximum PWM pulse width in microseconds. Typically 800 is lower limit, 1000 is neutral and 2000 is the upper limit. The parameters will be sent to the device after clicking on the "Update" button. # 6.12 Reset Parameters It will reset all the RPA configuration parameters to default by clicking on 'Reset to default' button.

This functionality is required to load the default values to all the parameters. This will be helpful for erasing the wrong parameters sent to the device. # 6.13 Advanced Settings This is an exhaustive list of the parameters that can be configured to regulate vehicle behavior. They are saved in the vehicle's persistent storage. This list is created automatically from the source code and may contain parameters that are not yet in the stable released versions of the code. Safety checks like RC Loss, Geofence Violation, and other checks, attitude triggers, and other failure detector checks, or a command from a ground station may cause flight termination and, consequently, parachute deployment. During flight termination, PWM outputs will be set to "failsafe" values. Failsafe values turn off motors but can be used to turn on/trigger the parachute. A command to activate the parachute will be sent if it is connected and functioning properly. This tab will allow observing and altering (if required) the values set for different parameters with details like value, range, option, description, etc., as shown below.

#### 6.13.1 Browse AeroGCS KEA 2.3 allows the user to import the parameters from an existing '.param' file by clicking on the "Browse" button. Select the required .param file from your local computer to open and use it.

#### 6.13.2 Export If these parameters and settings are to be shared or export to another user, then the user can click on the "Export" button.

The location of the file is mentioned in the dialog box popped up on the screen. Press "Ok" button to proceed. The .param file will be downloaded that can be easily read by the user. #### 6.13.3 Search Parameter

Type a specific parameter in the window mentioned for searching a parameter. The list of parameters matching the string mentioned in the search window will be displayed on the screen from which the user can select a particular parameter. If the user wants to modify the value of that parameter, then just click on the parameter and change the value and update it. The changed value should be updated by clicking on "Update" button.

After observing the values of the parameters set if the user finds some corrections in the values of specific parameters, he can change these values from respective sections. Sometimes few parameters need some changes. # 6.14 Firmware Upgrade ### Firmware Upgrade Firmware is the software that is embedded in the hardware. Everything from flight inputs to energy management and everything in between is controlled by it. To enhance performance, correct bugs, and address security issues, manufacturers (OEMs) will from time to time deliver firmware updates. When updating firmware, please make sure you follow the OEM's guidelines. Firmware upgrade is required to ensure the proper working of drones. It enhances the reliability of drones in failsafe, landing aspects, reducing the costly problems may arise. This functionality is used for flashing the firmware for a drone. User can flash the firmware of a particular device by selecting the desired type of firmware. There are 2 types of flashing: * Automatic * Manual {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** Upgrading the Firmware may be time-consuming. Stable connectivity of the internet is mandatory for upgrading the firmware. {% endhint %} Upgrade the firmware on receiving the respective notification from OEMs. # 6.14.1 Automatic Firmware Upgrade In automatic firmware user can select the type of firmware according to the requirement and can flash the type of firmware of specific board type. ![Firmware Upgrade](/files/j4GXUBXzSSmQZclX4J9T)

![Firmware Upgrade](/files/yVU25vcVxPxgvcqzziJd) Follow the instructions that popped up on the screen to proceed. ![Firmware Upgrade](/files/Wa97oaU2LgiyrW7hStTo) Firmware setup may require more time. Wait to complete the procedure of firmware setup. {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** Do not turn off the system during the firmware upgrade process. {% endhint %} For more details watch the video. {% embed url="" %} Secure Firmware {% endembed %} # 6.14.2 Manual Firmware Upgrade In manual firmware user can select the firmware file from the device which user wants to flash into the board. User can select the .apj type file and can flash the firmware into the board.

Follow the commands popping on the screen to proceed.

For detailed description and flow for firmware upgrade go through the following video. {% embed url="" %} # 7 Flight Types This section describes project management and flight mission planning operations. ### **Flight Type** Here you can choose an AeroGCS KEA mission that would be following certain plans as shown in the picture. You can select only one mission plan at a time.

### **Flight Plan** The term "flight planning" refers to all that goes into a successful mission, including equipment, personnel, logistics, protocols and procedures, airspace checks and authorizations, and so on. At Measure, we differentiate between "Mission Planning," which includes everything, and "Flight Planning," which includes explicit instructions for how the drone should be handled to collect data. A drone flight plan is a planned set of instructions that include coordinates, speed, altitude, direction, heading, gimbal movements, camera actions, and more to guide a drone through a flight and carry out a certain objective. **A flight path** is a set of longitudes, latitudes, and elevations (waypoints) used by a drone to automatically navigate. Flight paths are pre-planned and reviewed by all team members to account for inefficiencies or safety concerns. In addition to assisting in achieving mission objectives, planning can assist in avoiding restricted airspaces, monitoring flying height constraints, monitoring battery life, and other tasks. The flight path is helpful in analyzing and ensuring that enough data is collected by a data analyst. Flight planning, and particularly flight paths, helps the pilots and other drone operators to reduce the time spent in the field. **Speed:** The speed of the device or drone can be lowered or kept consistent depending upon the requirement of an application. Speed and altitude values can be entered in decimal points in AeroGCS KEA 2.2. Earlier values of altitude can be altered but not of the speed. This is applicable for all types of flight plans. **Heading:** The orientation of a drone can be changed with respect to Point of Interest as per the requirements of the applications. AeroGCS KEA 2.2 provides this functionality only for spraying flight plans. **Gimbal Movements:** Depending on what you are doing—mapping, inspecting, recording, live streaming, etc.—you might choose to streamline gimbal movements or to keep proper control. **Camera Actions:** Select the best camera to achieve the goal by using video or still images with the appropriate settings. Provide emergency provisions to the drone so that there would be less damage. Plan the flying area, the number of flight paths, the number of photos, and the overlap between the shots when using your drone for surveying, mapping, volumes, or earthworks. A Flight Plan is a time-ordered collection of orders that a drone must complete in order to complete the intended mission.

AeroGCS KEA supports for 10 different mission plans to use in flight planning. The flight or mission plan is selected according to the requirement of an application. The detailed discussion is carried out in the following section. # 7.1 Waypoint Planning

Once waypoint flight type is selected, then you can define the altitude at which the machine should fly. The metric of altitude will depend upon the ‘general setting’ of RPA type. AeroGCS would accept the flight altitude. For OEM users, as per QCI rule it should be 120 meters but for standard or free version, there is no limit. After that, we need to define the speed at which the RPA machine will fly as shown in the picture above. These are the common parameters for all the waypoints. At each wayspoint, the RPA will fly at given altitude and speed. Under the mission planning, you can see the navigational map. You can draw the points on the map for RPA to fly. Whenever you click on any waypoint, the respective navigation information i.e. longitude and latitude are displayed on the screen to validate. Using the right and left arrows near navigational information, then you can navigate through the different waypoint information. Then you can navigate on the navigation map using the plus and minus buttons given on the left-hand screen. For each waypoint, you can define the required speed and altitude. The speed and altitude will change whenever the RPA will reach that waypoint. The distance from one waypoint to another waypoint will be covered with the parameters defined from starting waypoint. You can define the action at each waypoint. You can select an image from the drop-down menu if you want to capture it at each waypoint. Multiple actions related to image and video captures are supported.

The Gimbal position setting like roll, pitch, and yaw can be configured for each waypoint. Whenever RPA will reach the waypoint, it will take that action with the defined camera or Gimbal settings. In mission planning, you can draw the points on the map and the right side of the window points will be added to the list. On the right side of a screen there is a waypoint list shown

AeroGCS KEA 2.3 provides a facility to enter altitude and speed in decimal points(upto 3 digits) as shown in the above image.

You can select any waypoint as shown in the above image with red marking. The details of that particular waypoint will be displayed as listed below: * **Latitude and longitude** of the current waypoints are displayed. * **Altitude and speed** can be added individually for each waypoint. * **Save:** The save button is used to save the plan. * **Clear:** this clears the mission plan. * User can freely draw the mission plan with no limits of waypoints. * User set maximum altitude 121.92 meters and maximum speed to 20 m/s.

* If the user wants to take photos, Camera action should be selected as per the application and accordingly set the Gimble actions. You can keep the gimble settings of pitch, roll and yaw to 0. If you want to set it at some specific positions you can change it. Otherwise keep it as it is. * Hold button to hover the vehicle on the desired waypoint for the entered value in sec. * You can save the plan using Save button * You can clear the mission plan using Clear button. * Add the fence points to the plan to secure the landing of the drone. The video below shows the demonstration of first autonomous flight with waypoint plan. {% embed url="" %} Demonstration of Waypoint plan for a flight {% endembed %} AeroGCS KEA 2.3 is an updated version of AeroGCS KEA. This version has various new features such as it shows the project and plan name on for the current flight as shown in the following image.

![](/files/zGahEXuPbC0A2GEb22eB) This shows the distance traveled between the home position and waypoint. ![](/files/0Rvi4fbsT2QtBPda5gcP) This icon will display the distance between two waypoints and also shows the current position of the drone such as "Reached to WP2" in the above image. In-flight messages are also displayed on the bottom left portion of the screen as shown in the following image.

# 7.2 Survey Planning In mission planning user can select the survey pattern option from flight type screen.

The survey pattern feature allow user to specify complex flight patterns using a simple graphical UI. User can specify the polygon as well as the specifications for survey pattern plan and appropriate camera settings for capturing images. The flight will stop at each image location prior to taking the image such that the vehicle is stable while the image is taken. User can drag the polygon waypoints to a new location. The survey pattern is created as polygon waypoints dragged. User can select flight type as Survey pattern. Selecting a survey pattern from option generates a survey pattern based on the altitude and known camera specification. ### 7.2.1 Camera Settings: * **Camera:** Camera triggering behavior depends on the camera/camera settings. Users can select an existing camera or a custom camera. * **Selection of Camera:** The user can select the camera from the dropdown menu. Selection of camera will decide the image height and width automatically.

* **Sensor width/height:** The size of the image sensor of the camera. * **Image width/ Height:** The selection of a camera decides the width and height of an image automatically. The user has to enter the desired values of image width and height for custom camera only. * **Focal length:** Focal length is determined by a combination of sensor size, effective distance from mirrors within the lens, and glass curvature. The focal length of a lens determines the angle of view—how much of the scene is captured—as well as the magnification—how large individual elements are. A narrower field of view and a higher magnification result from a longer focal length. * User can set the **front overlapping, side overlapping** value to the images also in the respective text boxes. By default, the front overlap value is 0. Image overlapping overlap occurs between each image. Accordingly, an overlap correction is provided. The photo survey is intended to collect 60% front overlap (between photos taken along the same flight line) and 30% side overlap (between photos taken on adjacent flight lines). ### **Custom Camera:** Selecting the custom camera option allows the user to specify the settings for a new camera in a similar way to the known camera. Users can set the following values in the respective text boxes. ### 7.2.2 Other Settings: * Users can change the altitude of the survey mission plan. * **Turnaround distance** is an amount of additional distance to add outside the survey area for flight turnaround. Users can set the turnaround distance to the survey pattern by entering the required value in the given text box. By default, the turnaround distance is 0. * **Starting Point:** AeroGCS KEA 2.3 allow the user to adjust the position of starting point in the following ways: * **Top Left**: Set the starting point position at top left. * **Bottom Left**: Set the starting point position at bottom left. * **Top Right**: Set the starting point position at top right. * **Bottom Right**: Set the starting point position at bottom right. This setting will be useful to set the position of starting position in case of adjusting the position of drone landed previously to save the battery.

Accordingly, the survey statistics will be altered.

### **7.2.3 Survey Statistics:** * **Survey Area**: The estimated area for the survey will be displayed in this option. Area covered by the survey plan in Sq. meters. This area will change with changes in the boundary points. The user can stretch or shrink the points manually and adjust the area as per requirement. * **Survey Distance**: Total distance to be traveled by the drone on the survey plan is nothing but the Survey Distance. The distance traveled by a drone using this survey plan will be calculated and displayed here. This distance will increase upon enabling the cross-grid option. It also depends on the stretching or shrinking of the boundary points as shown in the above two images.

Changes in Survey area and survey distance

* **Survey Time**: The estimated time required to complete the survey will be calculated and displayed here. The survey time will depend on enabling the cross-grid settings. * **Image Count:** The Number of images to be captured by the camera is considered as an "Image Count". The selection of a camera decides the image count. Also, the image count increases with an increase in the area of the survey plan. * **Ground Resolution (GSD):** The distance between two adjacent pixel centers as measured on the ground is known as resolution or average GSD (Ground Sampling Distance). The low GSD values provide better accuracy. The survey statistics will be affected by the selection of the camera as shown in the images. In the above image, the camera selected was Sony Rx100 II and the camera selected in the image below is Sony A6000.

### **7.2.4 Cross Grid:** This option available in AeroGCS is used for more coverage of the land. The time required to complete the plan will be obviously higher than the normal survey plan. But it covers almost all the land. On enabling this option, the survey distance, survey time, and image count will be increased as indicated by the image below:

### **7.2.5 Add Rally Points** This is additional security provided for landing the drone safely and smoothly.

The violet-colored points in the above image show the rally points. These are useful in emergency situations to land safely at the closest rally point instead of moving home at a far end. ### 7.2.6 Turn Angle

The user may change the angle of the polylines of the plan. All the parameters displayed in survey statistics will vary as the turn angle changes. The value of the turn angle change will be displayed on the right-hand side of the turn angle bar. Accordingly, the user may see the changes in the survey plan as shown in the above image. ### **7.2.7 Fence:** It is mandatory for all types of flight plans. Select the slide bar to add a fence. The survey plan will draw a fence automatically as shown in the image below.

Watch the video for getting more insights about the survey mission plan. {% embed url="" %} # 7.3 KML Survey An XML-based format called Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is used to store geographic information and related material. Access to the most recent geographic data is essential due to the ongoing change in land use. It is becoming increasingly important to be able to access a KML file on both desktop and mobile devices when comparing the many flight planning software solutions. This helps drone pilots by providing them with the most pertinent information to ensure a mission is completed effectively and without expensive mistakes. AeroGCS KEA 2.3 allow the user to import a KML file for the survey. Select the mission plan labeled as KML Survey from the list. Select a .kml file from your local computer to use for a survey. The following are the steps to complete this process. 1\. Select KML Survey mission plan while creating the mission plan as shown.

2. Select the appropriate .kml file from the computer as shown.

3. Click on 'Open' button to use the selected file. 4. Enter the speed of a drone in speed window. Then the plan will be loaded and displayed on the screen as shown.

5. Set the desired parameters for camera details such as type of camera, sensor height and width, image height and width, focal length, front and side overlap, turnaround distance, starting point, etc. similar to a normal survey plan. 6. Enter the value of altitude for flying a drone. Set all other required parameters such as cross grid, add rally, etc. 7. Save the plan after setting all the parameters. Proceed for a flight.

8. Give the "Takeoff" command to fly the drone on the plan. 9. Complete the mission plan and see the logs generated. # 7.4 Plan for Spraying Farmers can use spraying drones to speed up and automate tedious tasks. This technology allows critical components of precision farming to occur around the clock.

### 7.4.1 Spraying Details The spraying plan allows the user to set various parameters for smooth operation. These parameters are discussed as follows: * **Turnaround distance:** Distance increases at the corner of polygon. * **Altitude:** Set the Mission altitude at a required height to minimize the spray drift. * **Spraying speed:** sets the minimum vehicle speed (in cm/s) at which the pump will operate. Default is 100 meaning the pump will begin when the vehicle is traveling at or above 1m/s. AeroGCS KEA 2.3 provides the facility to enter altitude and speed of vehicle as well as speed of spraying in decimal points as shown in the above image. * **Pump Rate:** controls the pump rate (expressed as a percentage) when the vehicle is traveling at 1m/s. By default, this is 10%. The pump rate increases linearly with the vehicle speed meaning by default the pump will reach 100% at 10m/s. * **Turn Angle:** Polylines are turned by this angle. AeroGCS KEA 2.3 provides a scroll bar to adjust the turn angle. The value of turn angle will be displayed on the right-hand side of the bar. * **Spacing:** Adjust the spacing between two polylines. '-' and '+' signs are used to reduce or increase the spacing between the polylines. The maximum spacing allowed is 10 m. * **Add Rally points:** These are points that introduce the additional security for landing the drone. The user may enable or disable this option. The maximum number of rally points allowed to add is 6. * **Heading**: The user can enable the heading position of the device by enabling this option.

### 7.4.2 Spraying Statistics * **Spraying area:** display the total spraying area. * **Spraying distance:** The total distance covered by a drone for spraying. It will increases with the selection of the cross-grid option. * **Spraying Time:** The total time required for spraying the selected area is known as Spraying Time. The spraying time for cross-grid will be more as the drone has to move on a longer distance.

**Fence:** It is mandatory to provide a fence for every plan. So, after setting all these parameters, the user has to add the fence points and then save the plan and move further to flying the drone. AeroGCS KEA 2.3 provides a fence automatically on the selection of fence bar.

The Spraying plan will be completed as shown in the image below.

### 7.4.3 Obstacle Avoidance Functionality This functionality provides the obstacle avoidance feature to AeroGCS KEA 2.3. This functionality is only possible for the spraying type of flight type. The sources which are to be protected from spraying the chemicals can be avoided by using this functionality. the sources include wells, lakes, or any other such reservoirs. Select the spraying plan for flight and then select the polygon tool provided on the screen as shown in the following image.

The user can handle single or multiple obstacles in the spraying plan. To save the obstacle plan click on the symbol to save. After saving one obstacle plan the user will be able to create a new obstacle plan. Such multiple obstacle plans are handled as shown in the image below.

Spraying plan with Multiple Obstacle Plans

The areas marked as obstacle plans will be avoided by a drone during the flight. Thus, the water resources will be protected from spraying chemicals. The drone will follow the path except for the marked boundaries as an obstacle avoidance plan during flight. The user can protect his vehicle from such known hindrances. Deletion of the obstacle plan is also possible. Click on the delete option below the polygon as shown in the image below.

Click on 'X' to delete an obstacle plan. After deleting the obstacle plans, the spraying plan looks as below

# 7.5 Vertical Flight Plan This section will discuss the vertical planning of the device. The vertical Flight Plan is designed to capture images from a multistoried building, chimneys, etc., where a camera cannot reach. Following are the steps to use vertical flight plan: 1. Select a vertical flight plan from the flight type. 2. Set the maximum altitude and number of waypoints with the speed of the device. 3. Select altitude mode as "Relative" or "Terrain" according to the requirement of an application. 4. Click "Next" button for further settings. 5. Now add the fencing points to secure your drone.

6\. The actions assigned to camera are as shown in the above image. These actions are required to images or videos from the field. 7\. Assign the action required for the camera with Gimbal and Hold settings.

Select Action of Camera for Vertical Flight Plan

8\. Add at least 3 fence points with the altitude required. 9\. Save the plan and proceed for flight. * You can provide number of way-points with the desired altitude to each way-point. * The minimum value of the altitude should be set at 10 meters. * Hold can be provided to each way-point, if you want to hover on particular height. * Individual speed can be assigned to the way-points. * Camera action defines the photo capture action. The end result of this is a sequence of photographs acquired with a precise forward and side overlap, which may subsequently be stitched together to form a vertical orthomosaic or even a 3D model. This data can then be utilized to discover faults like cracks and other damage. Go through the video for vertical flight planning in AeroGCS Software. {% embed url="" %} Vertical Flight Planning {% endembed %} # 7.6 Import KML An XML-based format called Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is used to store geographic information and related material. Access to the most recent geographic data is essential due to the ongoing change in land use. It is becoming increasingly important to be able to access a KML file on both desktop and mobile devices when comparing the many flight planning software solutions. This helps drone pilots by providing them with the most pertinent information to ensure a mission is completed effectively and without expensive mistakes. ![Import KML](/files/HsxYuN6CEe7xo2TUlVmR) * You can import the existing file with .kml extension which contains the plan and the respective information like altitude, latitude, longitude, etc. * You just need to mention the speed of the flight. {% embed url="" %} KML based Flight Plan {% endembed %} # 7.7 Corridor Plan This type of flight plan is used for surveying roads, canals, rivers, pipelines, etc. Especially for long distance. Flight lines should always run lengthwise through your corridor.

* Set the altitude mode to "Relative" mode or "Terrain" mode. The best photogrammetrical results are possible when terrain mode is used and an expected elevation change during the flight. To maintain a constant ground sampling distance throughout the plan, terrain mode automatically modifies the drone's altitude. * Set the altitude and speed of the drone. * Click "Next" to proceed with a flight.

### 7.7.1 Camera Settings Various parameters are to be set at the desired values as follows: * **Camera Type:** Select the type of camera to be used from the dropdown menu. * **Sensor Height and Width:** The size of the image sensor of the camera will be calculated and displayed here for the selected camera except a custom camera. * **Image Height and Width:** The height and width of the images will be displayed for the selected camera type except for the custom camera. * **Focal Length:** The length of the camera lens. Focal length is determined by a combination of sensor size, effective distance from mirrors within the lens, and glass curvature. Drone cameras come with a variety of lens options that range in effective focal length from 10mm to 1200mm. Long focal lengths are typically associated with lower resolution and are utilized for visual inspections, not surveys or 3D generated asset inspections. * **Corridor Width:** Adjusting the corridor width will increase the area processed. Increase the width to create a wider corridor with more passes. * **Front and Side Overlap:** set the front overlapping, side overlapping value to the images also in the respective text boxes. By default, the front overlap value is 0. Image overlapping overlap occurs between each image. * **Altitude:** Select the proper altitude for capturing clear and sharp images with good quality. * **Turnaround Distance:** An amount of additional distance to add outside the area for flight turnaround. Users can set the turnaround distance to the survey pattern by entering the required value in the given text box. By default, turnaround distance is 0. * **Add Rally:** This is an additional security provided for landing the drone safely and smoothly. ### 7.7.2 Corridor Survey Statistic * **Corridor Area:** The area to be mapped is defined by the width of the corridor. This value is used to calculate the number of flight lines. The standard corridor width is 121 m, which corresponds to three sweeps. * **Survey Distance:** The total distance of the corridor plan is denoted by distance. It depends on the length of the corridor plan. * **Survey Time:** The time taken to complete the flight on the defined corridor plan is indicated by the parameter called "Time". * **Ground Resolution (GSD):** The distance between two adjacent pixel centers as measured on the ground is known as resolution or average GSD (Ground Sampling Distance). The low GSD values provide better accuracy. * **Image Count:** The Number of images to be captured is denoted by image count. The count of images to be captured depends upon the area of the corridor. More the images more efficient is the data set obtained for processing. **Fence:** Mark the points for providing the fence to the drone. It is mandatory to all the types of flight plans. After setting all these parameters and adding the fence move further for a flight by saving the plan.

# 7.8 KML Spraying An XML-based format called Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is used to store geographic information and related material. Access to the most recent geographic data is essential due to the ongoing change in land use. It is becoming increasingly important to be able to access a KML file on both desktop and mobile devices when comparing the many flight planning software solutions. This helps drone pilots by providing them with the most pertinent information to ensure a mission is completed effectively and without expensive mistakes. AeroGCS KEA 2.3 allow the user to import a KML file for the spraying plan. Select the mission plan as KML spraying as shown in the following image.

Select the appropriate '.kml' file from your computer as shown.

The plan will be opened on Google map. Adjust the settings according to the requirements.

Set turnaround distance, spraying speed, spray rate, and spacing if required. Add rally points to provide additional safety points. The user can add an obstacle plan to avoid spraying in the known area to protect that particular area. The user can plan a single or multiple obstacle plan as shown in the image.

The user can proceed with flying a drone on a specific location.

# 7.9 Circular Plan With the vehicle's nose positioned at the center, a device will revolve with the radius defined. The radius should be any non-zero value for smooth flight. Waypoints are located on circular path. This function generates a circular survey. A survey is a collection of evenly spaced waypoints that allow a camera to take overlapping photos of the survey area. This does not necessitate the use of a drawn polygon. To create a circle plan select a mission plan as circle. Then proceed with setting of various parameters as follows:

* Set altitude mode to "Relative" mode. You can set this mode to "Terrain" mode in which the altitude of a drone will be adjusted automatically depending on the geographic situation. * Set the altitude and speed of the drone. * Set the radius for the circular path for a flight. * Click "Next" to set the other parameters.

Setting parameters for circle flight plan

* As shown in the above image, the circular plan will be created with the radius defined. * Waypoints will be automatically located on the radius of the circle. The other parameters which are to be set are as follows: * **Center Latitude and Longitude:** These values will be updated automatically based on the radius defined for a circle. * **Center radius:** The defined radius will be displayed in this window. * **First Point Angle:** The angle of the first waypoint on the circle. By default it should be 0. * **Altitude:** Select the proper altitude for capturing clear and sharp images with good quality. * **Clockwise or Anticlockwise:** Determines the movement of the drone in clockwise or anticlockwise on the radius of the circle. * **Mission Distance:** The total distance to be travelled will be displayed in this option. * **Mission Time:** The total time taken by the mission will be displayed in this window. The time calculation will be done based on the speed of the drone and the total distance to be travelled. * **Add Rally:** This is an additional security provided for landing the drone safely and smoothly. * **Fence:** Mark the points for providing the fence to the drone. It is mandatory to all the types of flight plans.

* The user can clear any specific fencing point or all the fencing points added by selecting "Clear" or "Clear All" button respectively. * Otherwise "Save" the plan and proceed for a flight. # 7.10 Read from Device This feature allows the user to use the recent plan saved on the device. This will help to reduce the time in setting and selecting the parameters again and again.

Now the user may change a few of the parameters if required. * Set the altitude mode to "Relative" or "Terrain" mode according to the requirement.

Here, the plan read from the device is of a "Survey" type flight plan. If you want to change the parameters, change the parameters and fly the drone otherwise, keep all the parameters as it is and fly the drone. Time consumed depends on the changes in the parameters. Flying a drone with the same mission on the same field becomes easier with this functionality. # 7.11 Adding Rally Points This section will elaborate on adding the safety points to the flight plan. Normally, when a drone enters Return to Launch (RTL) mode, it returns to the Home point. This isn't always possible. For example, the area could be a crowded environment with assets, and an RTL system could be in a state that necessitates extreme precautions! It's also possible that the flight plan is so large that returning to the point of departure is undesirable if the aircraft enters RTL mode. The list of home points on the mission plan is known as Rally Points. The drone will be directed to the closest rally point if the failsafe mode is activated. Instead of having a single home position, it enables the operator to set up a number of emergency landing locations along the flight path. The user can add the rally point to any of the flight types. These are the points located randomly on the flight plan by the user. The violet-colored points in the following picture show the rally points added.

The following points are to be considered before setting the rally points: 1. It is highly recommended to set all the rally points inside the fence only. 2. Altitudes of the rally points should be sufficiently high enough to clear terrain and buildings. 3. The maximum number of allowed rally points is 6. {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** Make sure that the altitudes of Rally Point are high enough to clear terrain and buildings. {% endhint %} The rally points can be added, edited, and deleted in a similar way as the waypoints. The user can add, edit and delete the rally points on a plan. The procedure to handle the rally points is follows: * **Adding the Rally points to a plan:** The user can add rally point just by clicking at the particular locations on the plan and inside the fence. Remember that the maximum rally points are 6. * **Editing the Position of Rally Points:** If the user wants to change the position of the rally point on the plan, then follow the steps: * enable "Add Rally" option from the menu on right-hand side of the screen. * select the rally point that is to be edited. * now drag the rally point at the desired location. * **Deleting the Rally Points:** The user can remove the rally points if not needed. The procedure to delete a rally point is: * Enable the "Add Rally" option from the menu on right-hand side of the screen. * Select the rally point that is to be deleted. * Press the "Delete" button from the keyboard. * Confirmation message will be popped up on the screen. Press "Yes" if you are sure to delete a rally point. * The selected rally point will be deleted if "yes" button is pressed.

Save the plan with modifications and proceed for the flight. The entire procedure to modify the plan and rally points is described in the following recording. # 7.12 Providing Fence The fence is a geo-boundary under which a drone should fly. Once mission planning is completed then you need to create a fence. The fence should be always outside of the mission planning area. It must not overlap with the mission plan. If it overlaps the mission plan then RPA will not function properly. Therefore, it must be always outside the mission plan boundaries. When RPA sends permission requests to DGCA, the fence details are also sent to DGCA to seek permission. If permission is approved, then RPA can fly within the given fence area.

1. The return point must be within the fence perimeter, which must be completely enclosed. 2. This means it must have at least 4 points, with the last point being the same as the first. 3. The boundary can have a maximum of 18 points. You get the option to clear and redraw the fence. You can adjust the fenced area with the drag-and-drop method. Addition and deletion of fence points are possible easily. #### **Flight Approval Process** During the flight approval process, the drone sends the geo-fence coordinates along with time to DGCA system for approval. In order to do this activity, the AeroGCS should have internet connection. During the transaction with DGCA following information is sent to DGCA, a) UIN number of drone, b) The digital signature c) Geo-fence coordinates. DGCA platform approves or denies the permission. If permission request is approved, then DGCA sends the Permission Artefact with permission parameters. Every permission artefact from DGCA has got an ID called Permission Artefact ID (PA ID). Since this PA ID is in encrypted format, it is requiring to decrypt it using the private key of autopilot. After decryption only, PA ID is available with RPA. If permission is granted, then AeroGCS allows to upload the mission plan to RPA. After clicking Upload button the mission is uploaded to the RPA. ### Manual Fence The new version of AeroGCS KEA supports for adding the manual fence to a plan. For adding manual fence, the user has to mark the fence points which are outside the plan and the altitude of these fence points should be more than the altitude of the points of a plan. This process is similar to adding fence points to waypoint mission plan. Now, this feature will be available for other mission plans also. # 7.13 Flight Fly View When the RPA has to be flown, you need to go to fly view. This is the area from where the flights are managed and tracked. The flight fly view has various options displayed on the left drawer as below.

**1) Take-off** ![](/files/CRX81dfB5kraJMC2qx7A) Once clicked on Take-Off, the ARM and takeoff commands are sent to RPA. RPA will do the basic pre-flight check and do the takeoff if everything is proper. **2) Land**

The land button enables you to make the RPA land. Once it is clicked, the RPA will stop by slowing down the flying and start coming back to the point given to the land. This button will be enabled only if a flight has already taken off. If the take-off command is not given then this button will remain in disabled mode. **3) RTL** ![](/files/H6dTLkJGgjEWKyQrniVW) Return to Land (RTL) is used for an emergency landing at home. The device will find the shortest distance to land at home. If the rally points are added to the plan, then the device will check the minimum distance between either the home or rally point for landing. The device will select a minimum distance for a safe landing. **4) Pause** ![](/files/XUYQbDvL8GbLsLjQUqhh) The pause command will give pause instructions to the RPA. Under this condition, the RPA will pause at the point it is flying. It will go into 'hovering' mode at the given location. Once the pause is active then the RPA will enable resume action. **5) Resume** ![](/files/Csxr51EGn7BA6wTRdUXD) The resume command will give operation resume instructions to the RPA. Under this condition, the RPA will resume the flight from the point where it was paused. **6) Live Details** Few parameters of the performance of RPA has shown on the Flyview screen. The important one is the heading position of the RPA. Using the magnetometer, the AeroGCS will show the live heading position of the heading of RPA. Similarly, the AeroGCS will show the value of the battery available. Based on the status of the remaining power of the battery, the AeroGCS will showcase the usage and remaining power in the battery.

AeroGCS shows the position of the drone using navigation parameters like longitude and latitude. These readings are taken from navigation equipment like GPS. Altitude is also shown as the positioning parameter of RPA. The altitude value is driven by the barometer of the flight controller hardware. The AeroGCS shows nearly real-time values of the **Inertial Measurement Unit** (IMU) to show the self-position of RPA. The speed of the drone and wind speed are also displayed continuously on the flyview. The status of the battery is displayed as the voltage and current. Vibrations on the drone are displayed with X, Y, and Z coordinate values. **HDOP:** The term "horizontal dilution of precision" (HDOP) is used to describe the strength of the geometry, or satellite configuration, in use at the time and its effect on the accuracy of the data collected by a GNSS receiver. It is used to determine the relative accuracy of horizontal position. HDOP is a measure of accuracy in a 2-D position (e.g., latitude and longitude), whereas VDOP is a measure of accuracy in a 1-D position (height). Typically, HDOP values range between 1 and 2. **RSSI:** RSSI stands for Received Signal Strength Indicator, and it essentially measures the quality of communication between a radio transmitter and receiver pair. When converted from PWM, the RSSI value normally has a range of 3.7V to 0V (100% to 0%). Even if it is not a percentage but a voltage that is displayed, you can still get a good idea of what the RSSI level is. **7) Live Tracking** The AeroGCS continuously tracks the live position of the RPA. It gets the latest coordinates of RPA position and then AeroGCS shows the current position of the RPA on the mission plan. Whatever distance the RPA has covered, it will show the distance covered with heading direction of the RPA. If there is a latency between the AeroGCS and RPA then AeroGCS will show the position with latency. AeroGCS KEA 2.3 version added a few more features on the fly view window as shown in the following image.

* **Name of Project and Plan:** It shows the name of project and plan associated with the flight on the top left-hand corner * **Distance measured:** It shows the distance measured during the flight * between the home position and waypoint * between the two waypoints also * **Status text messages on flyview:** It shows detailed instructions, status and actions performed during flight such as "Arming Motors", "Disarming Motors", "Mission 11 WP", etc. as shown in the above image. * **Mode change on flyview through list:** The drone can be operated in various modes as discussed in section 6.6 of the same manual. These modes can be changed during the flight by just clicking on the modes options and arrow present as shown in the following image. The selected mode will be applicable to the flight. It will reflect the actions performed during the flight.

Select the proper flight mode to make the flight safe and secure. The "Mode Change" functionality is applicable to any flight type. # 8 First Flight We have discussed various parameters required for a drone to fly. Once, you are familiar with all these parameters and their importance, now you are ready to have your first flight! Before taking a flight you should be aware of few things as mentioned: * If you are unfamiliar with local laws and the requirements for a pilot's license, unique identification, or specialized insurance, avoid using a drone in public. * Avoiding populated locations, flying beyond the visual line of sight (BVLOS), and flying over airfields are also key considerations. * Know the drone regulations for the respective region. * Have in-depth knowledge of the hardware and software used for drones. Some software and hardware are developed with built-in restrictions related to the flight. No flight will be allowed if you are violating these restrictions. * Check if favorable weather conditions are there or not. Do not fly your drone in bad weather conditions such as the rainy season, less visibility due to fog, etc. * For having a flight on the field, you should carry the extra material with you to avoid any type of disturbance during the flight. * You should carry an extra pair of propellers with you. * Carry an extra set of batteries with you. * Carry an extra set of cables, wires, SD cards, etc. * Charge your remote controller and laptop fully before carrying them to the field. * Important documents like pilot license, insurance, permission letters, etc. The previous documentation discusses all the steps required for your first flight. Now, here is the recap of all steps for the first flight: * Log in with the authentic credentials on AeroGCS KEA software. * Select a drone to fly. * Connect the drone with appropriate protocols like TCP, Serial, UDP, Bluetooth, etc. * Create your first project with all the requirements like project name, client name and plan name. * Search and select the location on the map for your first flight. * Select the mission plan from the options displayed on the screen.

* Set the parameters for the mission plan. * Provide the fence to your mission plan. You can add rally points to make your flight secure. * Save the plan and proceed with or without terrain data. * Now, your flight is ready to fly with a flyview window. * Select the "Take off" option from the side drawer. AeroGCS will check for flight parameters and press the "Take off" button. * You may enjoy live tracking of the drone with all the values such as speed, altitude, latitude, longitude, etc. displayed on the bottom bar. This will also show the status of a drone such as armed or disarmed. * Audio messages for arming of motors, connection of a drone, failsafe, pre-arm checks, etc. are available during the flight so that the user will have a clear idea about the drone and flight. #### Live Feed on Android App: The user may use AeroGCS KEA on his Android phone. The Android app may be used for planning, setting, and controlling the flight. The flight that took off from the Android phone can be observed on AeroMegh Services through AeroGCS Enterprise by using the "Live Feed" feature available on the Android app. The code will be provided to the user so that using this code the flight can be observed on Enterprise. Watch the video to have your first flight. {% embed url="" %} First Flight {% endembed %} After completing the flight, download the reports as a data collection or for data analysis. # 9 Flight Logs Flight logs are generated after the successful flight. You can see all the logs related to flight in the following ways: ### 1. Logs from Dashboard Click on the icon

on the top-bar options of the dashboard. It includes the logs of all the flights for all types of drones and pilots. The list displayed will have the status, date, and time of the flight. The user has to search for a particular flight.

The above image shows the list of logs. This option is having 3 different tabs: 1\) **All logs:** containing logs and warnings. Under the 'All Logs' section, the logs of NPNT and flight are shown together. Using the scroll bar, you can scroll down/up to see more logs. The logs are shown with their dates and time including seconds. The logs are shown in ascending order where the latest date logs are shown first. Logs are categorized with their category to understand to which category log belongs. 2\) **Flight Logs:** Logs related to the in-flight operations.

Under "Flight Logs", all logs related to flight operations are shown. Detailed information of all the logs is available here with the date and time. The user can download the logs to check the parameters for future work. The downloaded files can be stored on the local computer.

3\) **Warnings:** All the Warnings related to pre-armed and in-flight operations are displayed here.

Under "Warnings", all warnings related to flight operation are shown. These are the logs that are generated by flight controller hardware during actual flight or before a flight. These logs are critical logs and should be viewed thoroughly to avoid any misbehavior by the RPA. All these logs can be easily downloaded on respective local computers in .json file format. All these logs are helpful in taking decisions and making improvements in the operation of the device. The user will check for pre-armed check warnings, in operation warnings also. By having the entire log readily available the corrections and modifications becomes very much easier. These logs will help to avoid the misbehavior of the device during flight as well as reduces the chances of destruction and losses to the device. These logs are available on the dashboard also which will be very easy to see the warnings during operation also. ### 2. From Selected Plan Go to Dashboard. Select the project in which the respective plan is stored. Select the plan. Click on three dots on the right-hand side. A pop-up menu will appear on the screen. Select "View Logs" option to see the logs as shown in the following image.

### View Logs In this feature users can see the logs of a particular flight in the graph form and can also see the data related to it. Users can see the details of the flight like plan name, project name, start time, end time, date, flight id, duration, average altitude, and average speed. Also, the user can see the altitude, speed, battery, and logs related to the flight. In view details, the user can see the roll, pitch, yaw, and other information related to the flight. Pitch, Roll, and Yaw are also known as axes of rotation, and these are going to control the movement and direction of the drone in the air during your flight. **Pitch** is the rotation of a vehicle locked between the lateral or transverse axis, commonly known as the side-to-side axis (in an airplane, wingtip to wingtip). If the pitch is positive, the front end will rise and the back end will fall. It is used to assist with ascent and descent. **Roll,** also known as the longitudinal axis, is the rotation of a vehicle from front to back (nose to tail). When performing a turn, the vehicle "banks" left or right to move to one side or the other. A positive roll angle raises the left wing while lowering the right. **Yaw** is the rotation around the vertical axis and lies perpendicular to the wings of an aircraft and in the centerline. The yaw motion is a side-to-side nose movement of the aircraft as shown below from its center of gravity. Positive yaw would move the nose to the right. Yaw changes the direction the aircraft is pointing and can be prevented by the use of the rudder.

Click on the description under start time here to get the graphical information of all the parameters of the flight.

Click on "View Details" to get more details regarding to the flight. It gives a detailed time-wise report of various parameters as shown in the image.

The user will get the graphical and statistical data related to the completed flight in the form of details such as time, altitude, speed, battery status, etc. The flight logs indicate the changes in the device's pitch, roll, yaw, and altitude values. The user will study the graphs and analyze the behavior of the device. The data presented in the graph will be useful for analyzing the completed flight. The graphs also show glitches in GPS systems, changes in the speed of the vehicle, etc., if any. The user can use these data to improve the performance of the device. These logs are available after the simulation also, so it becomes very easy to analyze the performance of the device with specific values, and with the respective changes in the parameters, the user may get improved and desirable performance without any damage to the device. #### 3. From Home Menu Select 'Download Logs' from the Home menu of AeroGCS KEA 2.3 as shown in the following image.

The list of bin files will be displayed on the screen as shown in image.

The 'Available' status of a bin file indicates that the log is available to download. Select the required file to download the logs from the list. Click on "Download" button to download the log.

Log file will be downloaded to the desired location on the computer which can be opened from the specified location. Select the downloaded bin file to see the contents as shown in the following image:

These logs are useful for Certification Audit. # 10 Team Access Management This section describes the involvement of and delegation of access to team members in the process. This feature is available in AeroMegh Services that provides the flexibility to work in a team collaboratively. Teams feature is used for managing the access of plans to the user according to the manager’s requirement. If the manager wants to give access to a particular plan to a specific user, then he/she can give it from his/her account. Users can also give access like create, read, edit and delete plan/plans. The member can log in from his/her account and can see the projects/plans according to the access which is given to him/her. For the team management feature in AeroGCS KEA, the user has to synchronize through a cloud. All the files of AeroGCS KEA will be synchronized with AeroGCS Enterprise. Select the "Teams" option from the home menu as shown in the following image.

The manager should invite the team member through the invitation by using the authenticate email address from AeroGCS Enterprise.

The manager assigns the access to the particular users as follows:

If the user is not having access to delete or edit the plan then popup window will appear to prompt accordingly. ![](/files/DMc9MJRTXsdq9gN9IK7x) ![](/files/t6KCi17Y8FUNswJJBxbh) The Manager will decide on the user for the deletion of access to the flight plan. The manager will also decide the priority assigned to the users. If the user has read access he can only observe the flight and data regarding the flight. If the access is given as delete and edit, then the user can do a few modifications to the plan. This feature is useful to control flights from remote places. Refer the for more details of Teams Access Management. # 11 VTOL Support AeroGCS KEA 2.3 supports the VTOL device for a flight. VTOL stands for Vertical Take-Off and Landing a combined fixed-wing and MultiCopter aircraft. This hybrid vehicle brings the finest of both worlds together. VTOL is used for surveying a larger area in less time and with optimum utilization of battery. When compared to a multi-rotor UAV, the fixed-wing design provides higher endurance, the capacity to cover longer distances, and the choice to fly faster, allowing operators to fly for longer and cover more areas of land. The only drawback with fixed-wing drones is that they can't land as readily as other drones. # 11.1 Survey Plan for VTOL Normally, VTOLs are used to survey larger areas in lesser time. To use VTOL in AeroGCS KEA 2.3 follow the steps as mentioned below: * Create a project and create a plan. * Select the location of a vehicle. * Select a mission plan as a "**Survey**" plan. * Select a Vehicle Type from the drop-down list as shown in the following image. Select the vehicle type as "**QuadPlane**".

* After selecting QuadPlane as a vehicle, the different parameters will be displayed on the screen as shown in the following image.

* Set following parameters according to the requirements of an application. * **TakeOff Altitude:** Altitude value for the take-off of the device. * **Land Altitude:** Altitude value for landing the device safely. * **Speed:** Set the speed of the VTOL for flying. As VTOL is a hybrid vehicle, it can fly with greater speed than a drone. * **Waypoint Radius:** As the VTOL size is bigger and the speed of VTOL is also greater than a drone, it is required to mention the radius for waypoints to take a smooth turn. Defines the maximum distance from a waypoint that, when crossed, indicates that the waypoint is potentially complete. In order to prevent the aircraft from looping around the waypoint after it misses it by more than the value of WP\_RADIUS, an additional check occurs to see if the aircraft crosses a "finish line" passing through the waypoint and perpendicular to the path of flight from the previous waypoint. The waypoint is considered complete once that finish line is crossed. The navigation controller can choose to turn eventually than WP\_RADIUS before a waypoint depending upon how sharp the turn is and the aircraft's speed.

After setting the above parameters, proceed with the next procedure as shown. Now set various parameters as follows: #### 11.1.1 Camera Details: * **Camera Type:** * **Camera:** Camera triggering behavior depends on the camera/camera settings. Users can select an existing camera or a custom camera. * **Selection of Camera:** The user can select the camera from the dropdown menu. Selection of camera will decide the image height and width automatically. * **Sensor height and width:** The size of the image sensor of the camera. * **Image height and width:** The selection of a camera decides the width and height of an image automatically. The user has to enter the desired values of image width and height for custom camera only. * **Focal length:** Focal length is determined by a combination of sensor size, effective distance from mirrors within the lens, and glass curvature. The focal length of a lens determines the angle of view—how much of the scene is captured—as well as the magnification—how large individual elements are. A narrower field of view and a higher magnification result from a longer focal length. * **Front Overlap and Side Overlap:** User can set the **front overlapping, and side overlapping** values to the images also in the respective text boxes. By default, the front overlap value is 0. Image overlapping overlap occurs between each image. VTOLs are flying at larger speeds as compared to drones. The VTOL can fly at 18-20 m/s speed in the air. There should be some provision to take a turn in a horizontal and vertical direction on the plan in this case. The Overshoot and lead-in parameters help to take a smooth turn and come back to the original plan without any destruction. While taking a turn, VTOL will move on the overshoot distance and whenever it reaches the waypoint radius it will start taking turns to reach the lead-in value. * **Overshoot Parameters:** * **Overshoot Top:** Overshoot Top will add the distance on the top of the original plan. * **Overshoot Bottom:** Overshoot Bottom will add the distance on the bottom of the original plan.

* **Lead-in Parameters:** * **Lead-in Top:** This parameter is used to add lead-in distance on top of the original plan. * **Lead-in Bottom:** This parameter is used to add lead-in distance on the bottom of the original plan. After changing any of the parameters, click on the 'Apply' button to get it reflected. These overshoot and Lead-in parameters are useful in capturing clear images from the desired area.

Setting Overshoot Bottom and Leadin Bottom

* **Starting Point:** AeroGCS KEA 2.3 allow the user to adjust the position of starting point in the following ways: * **Top Left**: Set the starting point position at top left. * **Bottom Left**: Set the starting point position at bottom left. * **Top Right**: Set the starting point position at top right. * **Bottom Right**: Set the starting point position at bottom right. This setting will be useful to set the position of starting position in case of adjusting the position of a drone landed previously to save the battery. The user can change this setting by changing a turn angle also. But it will be time-consuming and not accurate.

#### 11.1.2 Turn angle: The user may change the angle of the polylines of the plan. All the parameters displayed in survey statistics will vary as the turn angle changes. The value of the turn angle change will be displayed on the right-hand side of the turn angle bar. Accordingly, the user may see the changes in the survey plan as shown in the above image.

#### 11.1.3 Cross Grid This option available in AeroGCS is used for more coverage of the land. The time required to complete the plan will be obviously higher than the normal survey plan. But it covers almost all the land. This option helps the user to capture maximum images of the field. On enabling this option, the survey distance, survey time, and image count will be increased as indicated by the image below:

#### 11.1.4 Add Rally Points This is additional security provided for landing the drone safely and smoothly.

The violet-colored points in the above image show the rally points. These are useful in emergency situations to land safely at the closest rally point instead of moving home from a far end. #### 11.1.5 Survey Statistics Survey Statistics will be displayed on the screen automatically which contains: * **Survey Area:** The estimated area for the survey will be displayed in this option. Area covered by the survey plan in Sq. meters. This area will change with changes in the boundary points. The user can stretch or shrink the points manually and adjust the area as per requirement. * **Survey Distance:** Total distance to be traveled by the drone on the survey plan is nothing but the Survey Distance. The distance traveled by a drone using this survey plan will be calculated and displayed here. This distance will increase upon enabling the cross-grid option. It also depends on the stretching or shrinking of the boundary points as shown in the above two images. * **Survey Time:** The estimated time required to complete the survey will be calculated and displayed here. The survey time will depend on enabling the cross-grid settings. * **Image Count:** The Number of images to be captured by the camera is considered as an "Image Count". The selection of a camera decides the image count. Also, the image count increases with an increase in the area of the survey plan. * **Ground Resolution (GSD):** The distance between two adjacent pixel centers as measured on the ground is known as resolution or average GSD (Ground Sampling Distance). The low GSD values provide better accuracy. * **LandAlt-to-LandPoint:** It will calculate and display the distance between Land altitude to Land Point. LandAlt point is also known as the Land Entry point from where the VTOL starts its landing by changing the speed. The speed of VTOL is not decreased to 0 directly but it will be increased to some extent firstly and then slowly it decreases to 0 m/s at the second Land point.

From the above images, it is clear that as there is a change in the position of landing points the distance between the LandAlt to LandPoint gets affected. * **TakeOff-to-FirstPoint:** It is the distance between the takeoff point to the first point of the original survey plan.

From the above images, it is clear that as there is a change in the position of theplan the distance between the TakeOff to FirstPoint gets affected. * **LandAlt-to-LastPoint:** It will calculate and display the distance between the Land Altitude point and last point of the survey plan.

From the above images, it is clear that as there is a change in the position of landing points the distance between the LandAlt to LastPoint gets affected.

The survey statistics will be affected by the selection of the camera as shown in the images. In the above image, the camera selected was Sony Rx100 II and the camera selected in the image below is Sony A6000.

#### **11.1.6 Fence:** It is mandatory for all types of flight plans. Select the slide bar to add a fence. The survey plan will draw a fence automatically as shown in the image below.

# 11.2 VTOL Flight Modes AeroGCS KEA 2.3 provides support for the following flight modes for VTOL. * **Auto Mode:** In AUTO mode, the quad will help the aircraft turn at the speed that the navigation controller requires while also providing lift to get to the altitude of the next waypoint. * **Loiter, RTL, or Guided Modes:** The quad motors will attempt to help with any climb and turn rates that the fixed-wing LOITER, RTL, or GUIDED modes request of them. * **CRUISE or FBW B Mode:** When in CRUISE or FBWB mode, the quad will lift the user at the climb rate that the pilot specifies (pitch stick controlled). By combining aileron and rudder input, the quad motors will attempt to turn at the rate the pilot demands. * **FBW A mode:** Pitch stick input will be interpreted by the quad in FBWA mode as being proportional to the desired climb rate. Thus, the quad motors will attempt to climb if the user pulls back on the pitch stick, and they will endeavor to provide a stable descent if the user pushes forward on the pitch stick. * **AutoTune Mode:** The quad will offer the same assistance in AUTOTUNE mode as it would in FBWA, but using AUTOTUNE mode with a high value for Q\_ASSIST\_SPEED is not recommended because the quad assistance will obstruct the learning of the fixed wing gains. * **Manual, Acro, and Training Modes:** The quad motors will turn off completely in MANUAL, ACRO, and TRAINING modes. The aircraft will fly solely as a fixed wing in those modes. * **Stabilize Mode:** The quad motors in STABILISE mode will attempt to lift the user if assistance is activated. * **Circle Mode:** Similar to LOITER, circle mode makes no effort to maintain position. In order to turn the vehicle and hopefully regain radio control signal and pilot control, this is primarily intended to be used as an initial failsafe mode. * **TAKEOFF Mode**: Automatic takeoff can be accomplished via a mission control command or by directly entering the TAKEOFF mode. * **QLOITER Mode:** The QLOITER Mode automatically tries to keep the position, heading, and altitude constant. When the sticks are released, the QuadPlane will slow to a stop and hold its position. The pilot can control the QuadPlane in QLOITER mode as though it were in a more manual flight mode. * **QHOVER Mode:** QuadPlane maintains a constant altitude while allowing normal control of roll, pitch, and yaw in QHOVER mode. * **QSTABILIZE Mode:** The roll and pitch axes of your vehicle are self-leveled while in QSTABILIZE mode, which still lets you fly it manually. {% hint style="info" %} **Warning:** While QRTL or RTL switching in an emergency requires GPS, QSTABILIZE mode does not always need it. Prior to arming, make sure you have a solid position estimate. A 3D GPS fix with enough HDOP typically provides this. In the arming checks, this is a default requirement. These checks should not be disabled. {% endhint %} {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** If the autopilot is unable to steer the vehicle, always enter a manual mode, such as QSTABILIZE. It is your responsibility to keep your copter under control. {% endhint %} * **QLAND Mode:** QLAND Mode attempts to bring the QuadPlane straight down at the vehicle's current location, descending to Q\_LAND\_FINAL\_ALT at Q\_WP\_SPEED\_DN until it reaches Q\_LAND\_FINAL\_ALT, at which point it continues to descend at Q\_LAND\_SPEED until landing. * **QAUTOTUNE Mode:** The same system is used as in the AUTOTUNE mode for copters. It should make it possible for you to tune without manually adjusting PIDs. Use of QAUTOTUNE is not advised for any axis requiring feed-forward pid contributions, including the yaw and pitch axes of the tailsitter. * **Guided Mode:** A QuadPlane can also be used in GUIDED mode, in addition to AUTO mode. The Q\_GUIDED\_MODE parameter needs to be set to 1 in order to use VTOL support in GUIDED mode. The position held at the destination will now be performed as a VTOL hover rather than a fixed-wing circle once the GUIDED mode behavior has been changed. The above mentioned flight modes can be set through the list of modes from flyview as shown in the following image.

VTOL will wait for gaining the required altitude which was set by the user and then it will start flying with the desired speed. While turning on the plan lines it will follow the overshoot and lead-in values set by the user. It will not capture the images on the path from takeoff to the first point of the plan and from the last point of the plan to the landing points. The images will be captured on the plan designed only. The speed of the VTOL on the polylines will be according to the set speed by the user. On turns, the speed of VTOL may be increased somewhat, and again it reduces on entering the waypoint radius.

First Land point is also known as the Land Entry point from where the VTOL starts its landing by changing the speed. The speed of VTOL is not decreased to 0 directly but it will be increased to some extent firstly and then slowly decreases to 0 m/s at the second Land point. # 12 Special Features **VTOL:**\ Now VTOL support is added in KEA v2.3

**Signed Logs:**\ Signed logs are available now to secure the flight related logs.

**Bin File log download:**\ Flight logs can be downloaded in bin format.

**Joystick Support:**\ Joystick can be configured using KEA v2.3. All the modes like RTL, brake, loiter, land can be set using joystick.

**Parameter File Import/Export:**\ Users can import/Export a parameter file, except for critical parameters.

**Obstacle Avoidance:**\ Multiple obstacles can be avoided using KEA now.

**RSSI on Fly view:**\ RSSI, or “Received Signal Strength Indicator,” is a measurement of how well your device can hear a signal from an access point.

**Vibrations on the fly view:**\ Vibrations of drone can be seen on fly view itself.

**Current reading on Fly view:**\ Live current details can be seen during the flight.

**Import export KML of specific plan:**\ KML import/export option of survey and spraying plan is available.

### Link Loss Time In this feature user can set the link loss time as per user’s choice. In communication link settings under advanced button user can see the disconnection time feature. User can set the value in seconds so that after setting the value the AeroGCS will check the connectivity of the device for that particular time and if no heartbeats are received then user will get a popup of port disconnected. ![Link Loss](/files/OSbkhUWEUXghNJNyMJBx) ### Directional Arrow User can see the direction of the plan that the drone will follow. User can see the direction of each polyline and can know that in which direction the drone is going to fly.

### Plan Continuation In this feature user can continue the plan from the last point where the drone took RTL or land. In some conditions, the drone is not able to complete the flight due to a lack of battery or some failsafe. In that case, when we click on the resume button the drone will take off and start the flight from the last point where it took RTL or land. ![Plan Continuation](/files/dHznSVpGqW3JOMxjL7OG) # 13 Vehicle Type In this section different types of vehicles and their functionalities are discussed. Drone activities, which were once primarily utilized for military purposes, are now widely used in the corporate world. Professional drones can be used for surveillance, aerial photography, agricultural duties, and inspections; micro-drones the size of a ping pong ball are even utilized for biological warfare. Package delivery is the most recent profession for drones, and it is also the most popular purpose for drone development. Professional Drones are classified as: 1. Multi-rotor 2. Fixed-wing 3. Single-rotor helicopter drones 4. Fixed-wing hybrid VTOL ### 13.1 Multi-Rotor For vertical takeoff and landing, drones with multiple rotors and propellers were developed. Small wings or blades on a drone are used to fly the drone. Rotors are just the part that spins the propellers. A helicopter has a single rotor whereas a multi-rotor drone has many rotors. The purpose of having many rotors is to gain better control of the drone's position in the sky. The more rotors it has, the more maneuvering options it has, but the controls on an 8-rotor drone are far more difficult to understand than on a 4-rotor drone. The number of rotors limits the speed and duration of flight time. Some multi-rotor drones can only fly for 20 minutes before needing to recharge the battery. ### 13.2 Fixed-wing Fixed-wing drones have a single long wing on either side of their body and need either a catapult or a runway to lift off the ground. They face difficulty in landing due to the inability to hover. These are sometimes used for surveillance, like in the military. They are not generally used for other types of aerial photography and drone flying. These are useful for the purpose of long-distance tasks or just as a hobby. They may stay in the air for up to 16 hours and do not require recharging unless they are connected to other electronic equipment. Flying experience and training, especially for safe take-off and landing, is required for these types of drones. ### 13.3 Single-Rotor Helicopter drones These are available in a wide variety of sizes. More efficient than multi-rotor but less than fixed-wing types of drones. These are hard to fly sometimes. They can carry a heavier payload. ### 13.4 Fixed-wing hybrid VTOL A newly designed type of professional drone which combines a fixed-wing drone's extended flight duration time with a single-rotor or multi-rotor drone's vertical takeoff and landing. VTOL stands for Vertical Take-Off and Landing. The only drawback with fixed-wing drones is that they can't land as readily as other drones. This hybrid brings the finest of both worlds together. Although it isn't a new concept, it is swiftly gaining popularity and a reputation. It is a versatile choice for a wide range of commercial and military aerial applications. These drones can take off and land vertically without the use of a launcher or runway, allowing them to operate in practically any area. When compared to a multi-rotor UAV, the fixed-wing design provides higher endurance, the capacity to cover longer distances, and the choice to fly faster, allowing operators to fly for longer and cover more ground. VTOLs are used in many applications such as: * **Agriculture & Farming:** Large farms can benefit from VTOL fixed-wing drones because they can provide very efficient coverage and data collecting, allowing farmers to swiftly get insights into crop health and other indicators, saving pesticide and fertilizer expenditures. A thermal camera payload will aid in the detection of both wet and dry patches in the field. * **Infrastructure:** VTOL fixed-wing drones can give real-time, accurate 3D comparative data, which is critical for effective infrastructure design and can assist detect deteriorating conditions and underdeveloped areas. * **Mapping and Land Survey:** Land surveyors can quickly deploy VTOL fixed-wing drones in even the most distant and inaccessible locations, giving them real-time geospatial data collected remotely. * **Mining:** VTOL fixed-wing drones can be used to survey mining sites safely and efficiently, allowing for higher productivity and growth. * **Surveillance & Security:** VTOL fixed-wing drones can give decision-makers with real-time intelligence, allowing for better pre-planning, more control, and faster resolution of emergency situations without placing human operators in danger. # 14. Hardware Supported by AeroGCS **1. Boards Supported –** Cube related boards. Mostly used/supported are CubeOrange, CubeOrange Plus, CubePurple, CUAVv5+, CUAVx7+. **2. RC’s Supported –** Herelink, SIYI MK15, Skydroid T10, T12, H16. **3. GPS Supported –** Here 3, Here 3+, Holybro Pixhawk 4 Neo M8N, CUAV Neo 3 and Neo 3 Pro. **4. Liquid Flow Sensors Supported –** YF-S401 and mostly YF-S40 series all liquid flow sensors, JIYI water flow sensor. **5. Liquid Level Sensor Supported –** XKC-Y25-NPN. **6. Radar/Lidar Supported –** Benewake TF02-Pro # AeroGCS KEA Enterprise AeroGCS KEA Enterprise has a unique feature that enables the project manager to assign and monitor tasks to the respective pilot’s assigned for different projects. Flights can be monitored remotely, anytime-anywhere. This enables teamwork and collaboration of the same from different areas. This function increases operational efficiency resulting in giving out better results as a team. **Business analytics** is another feature of AeroGCS KEA Enterprise. Business analytics is the process of using quantitative methods to derive meaning from data in order to make informed business decisions. Business Analytics is a powerful tool in today’s marketplace. Across industries, Business Analytics is used to boost process, and cost efficiency. This tool helps to monitor and improve financial performance. Business Analytics helps in the overall operations of the Business. The business intelligence report is the primary necessity for operational efficiency when a team works with multiple projects and multiple flights and also in remote areas. The business intelligence gives daily insights into flights and understands how much business is generated every day by overall drone services. This helps drone service providers to manage resources in better ways and improve the overall organization’s efficiency to generate more revenue at the same cost. AeroGCS KEA Enterprise edition allows you to **monitor all live flights** from the comfort of your own office. You can view where all of the drones are flying and what their current flying conditions are. AeroGCS KEA Enterprise allows you to **sync projects**, flight plans, and flight records to the cloud. This makes it easier to save projects and provides a continuous backup so you don't miss anything. Project synchronization occurs automatically, removing the need for manual intervention. # 1. Dashboard The user will open the webpage for AeroGCS KEA Enterprise from the website: ### 1. Login Process From the options available select the AeroGCS KEA Enterprise. The new page will get popped up for login credentials as shown in the image below: ![Log in for AeroGCS Enterprise](/files/kGJPOOkd9gJVDwOEbnz0) ### 2. Dashboard Enter the valid email address and password to login into AeroGCS KEA Enterprise. After successful login, the dashboard or landing page of AeroGCS KEA Enterprise will open as shown below:

### **2.1 Flight Related Details** The dashboard of AeroGCS KEA Enterprise contains various options and controls for the user. It gives information about the total number of flights completed with the total area covered in acres and the total distance covered in kilometers and the number of pilots involved in these flights from the options as shown in the image below: ![Details of Flights](/files/1OzyH6DrmGILGaEcKUZe) The user can see the details of flights by clicking on "Flights" option from the above image. The details displayed will be as shown in the image below: ![Total Flights Details](/files/ikAKxCBGRXQnLdAd1eoY) Here, details of flights include the start and end time, the drone used for the flight, and the name of the project and plan used for the flight. The user can select the flights within some specific duration by selecting "From" and "To" date from the given options. The user can search flights by entering the "Drone id" in the search option. All the flights related to that particular "Drone Id" will be displayed. This feature is excellent for remotely monitoring flights at any time and from any location. The area covered by the flights will be displayed in acres by clicking on the icon as shown: ![](/files/iDl3wOCWxi63W96msuNQ) The total distance covered by the drone will be displayed by clicking on the icon as shown:

Pilot-wise flight details will be displayed by selecting the

icon available on the screen. After clicking on pilots options the details displayed as shown in the image below: ![Pilot-wise Flight Details](/files/g1EUOKmE5DkN5NNsFeYf) ### **2.2 Weekly Flights** The user can see the weekly flights by the drones with the "Weekly Flights" option from the dashboard as shown: ![Weekly Flights](/files/pgG3NtV3dj2SYhq5odG7) To have the flight statistics just click on the "View All" option available on the "Weekly Flights" option on the dashboard. The user can select the duration by selecting the "From" and "To" dates. The user may have the weekly, monthly, and yearly flight statistics from this menu as shown in the image below: ![Flight Statistics](/files/zoRrQZUo1DHK9CEq67ta) Flight Logs will be displayed with details such as start and end time, Name of Project and Plan, Drone used for that flight, area and distance covered by the specific drone as shown in the image below: ![Flight Logs](/files/XmDImF3urr4rjd5TBaTl) For better understanding and overall view as well as, insights of daily flights and business generated through them is needed to know in order to improve the overall efficiency of the organization for generating more revenue at the same cost. Multiple projects and Multiple flights can be monitored from anywhere and live updates would be received for the same. Each detailed flight report can be extracted and studied by taking more informed decisions and examining areas of improvement. ### **2.3 Drone Performance** ![Drone Performance](/files/MjbzRCJ0Q7yC6oo7SVCW) Performance of a drone can be checked by selecting the "View all" option from the "Drone Performance" option on the dashboard. Here, the user will have information like how many drones are involved in the total number of flights. The number of hours completed by every drone are also calculated and displayed.

Select any one drone to see the details associated with it as shown in the following image.

Total Logs Generated by a selected Drone

By clicking on any of the flights, the user will be able to see the route of flight completed as shown in the following image.

### **2.4 Flight Logs** Plan-wise flight logs are displayed by clicking on "View All" option as shown in image below: ![Flight Logs from Dashboard](https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F6Ly7FSURA9IoVzMqTKXK%2Fuploads%2F5m6qOOunDJNog0ciZp8k%2Fimage.png?alt=media\&token=1f39d745-2dc8-498c-b8ac-01585068fceb) ### **2.5 Flight Logs from Dashboard** Details of flights such as start and end time, the drone used, and name of project and plan are displayed. The user can change the duration by selecting "From" and "To" dates. The information related to all the flights during the said period will be displayed as shown below: ![Flight Logs with Details](https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F6Ly7FSURA9IoVzMqTKXK%2Fuploads%2F7D8c57XWGH1w0xXvZOYv%2Fimage.png?alt=media\&token=e2252aa1-26e7-414a-8db2-839d1046033e) Details of flights such as start and end time, the drone used, and name of project and plan are displayed. The user can change the duration by selecting "From" and "To" dates. The information related to all the flights during the said period will be displayed as shown below: ### **2.6 Recent Plans** The list of plans recently used will be displayed on the dashboard in the "Recent Plans" option as shown: ![Recent Plans](https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F6Ly7FSURA9IoVzMqTKXK%2Fuploads%2FTB3fXAotE9IZQx3pk0lH%2Fimage.png?alt=media\&token=5c9fb761-452d-4e83-9347-ea7870698f6a) After clicking on "View all" option, the recently used projects along with plans will be displayed. ![Recent projects](/files/SIhMUwTWmyBTFPkbGdXz) The above image shows the details of projects and plans which are recently used for flights. The user can select any one project from the list and then select the plan from that project. Now the user is ready to view the drone flying on the map. Details of this are discussed in the Projects section of the same user manual. ### **2.7 Flights on Map** The flight on the actual can be viewed with this option. The user can zoom in and zoom out the map area.

When the blue point is selected from the map, the user can see the number of active drones on that area as shown in the image below:

Now, if anyone blue point is selected, the user will get the detailed report of the flight as shown in the image below:

The report gives the average altitude, and average speed along with other details such as project and plan name, etc. It also gives graphical data for analysis purposes. It also shows the path followed by the drone. The in-flight logs are also available here. AeroGCS KEA Enterprise allows us to replay the flight from this menu. View details option is also provided to read the details of the flight such as yaw, roll, pitch values, values of altitude, latitude, longitude, speed, and battery. The image below shows an example of flight status logs. ![Flight Status Log](/files/5JCNxp4OSD8a2QCEdGGe) The user can download the data in the .csv format which can be used for further processing and analysis. The list of registered drones is available in the device option on the side drawer. The user may select any drone to see the details of that particular drone. This is shown in the images below: ![Flight Status Log](/files/4ZkKzzBbg0IOLlm7xRHx) The user can download the data in the .csv format which can be used for further processing and analysis. The list of registered drones is available in the device option on the side drawer. The user may select any drone to see the details of that particular drone. This is shown in the images below: ![After selecting "Devices" option](/files/xcyWpgHLN8ha0wQ4BJ6i) ![Drone Details](/files/IEscKUhvg7GC2YbNqdLj) If the user can unregister the drone by selecting the "Unregister" option available. ### **2.8 Quick Search** This option is available with "Devices", "Projects" and "Teams" options.In the "Devices" option anyone can search for a particular device whether it is in active or inactive mode. **Projects Search:** The user can search for any maps, projects, plans, flights, etc. Just type the initial letters and select the required project from the list popped. This is a quick search to search any particular project from a number of projects. ![Project Search](https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F6Ly7FSURA9IoVzMqTKXK%2Fuploads%2Fg73rq32wC7PUnyQLlbAH%2Fimage.png?alt=media\&token=1ebb1fa2-a5fe-4d4c-86f4-0401948f9e11) **Searching a Team:** By entering the initial letters of the team members, the user can easily search whether the particular team member is available or not. Thus, AeroGCS KEA Enterprise provides a great advantage in analytics. We will discuss other features of AeroGCS KEA Enterprise in the next sections. # 2. Creating a Project AeroGCS KEA Enterprise provides various features such as business analytics, and performance analytics, cloud synchronization, and integration, team access. For every flight of a drone, one should create the project first, and then a plan should be created. Hence, creating a project is the most important and first task in AeroGCS KEA Enterprise also. The project can be created in two ways such as 1. Through AeroGCS 2. Through AeroGCS KEA Enterprise Now, we will discuss both ways in detailed. ## 1. Project Creation Through AeroGCS * Open AeroGCS with authorized login credentials of the AeroGCS KEA Enterprise. * Register your drone as shown below. ![Drone Registration](/files/4DiNGNkyJDDc24N634di) * Connect the drone through serial port connection through AeroGCS as shown below:

* Drone is connected but it is not synchronized through cloud to AeroGCS KEA Enterprise which is shown below. The green marked icon from image below indicates that the drone is not synchronized. Click on this icon to synchronize. ![Before Synchronization](/files/fxMi7XekapHBImqJ0byf) * After clicking on it, the metadata and other files will be synchronized. This process may take some time. Wait till the process is completed. The message will be displayed indicating that the synchronization process is completed. ![Completion of Sync Process](/files/CdMIRoaU9G1uoQhWjDnQ) Once the synchronization is done, the projects on the server can be synchronized. Due to this process, the files related to projects, on the server can be easily shared and utilized for processing. All the projects and plans can be shared very easily. Thus, optimization of memory is accomplished. ![Cloud Synchronized](https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F6Ly7FSURA9IoVzMqTKXK%2Fuploads%2F0vkDIgHFwQm3s4e9QutL%2Fimage.png?alt=media\&token=a9917e14-522a-43e8-ba21-32dabe4a0e50) Cloud synchronization is indicated by a green marked icon in the above image. Now, create a project and plan from AeroGCS in a regular way as discussed in the AeroGCS user manual. The user can create any type of flight plan like spraying, survey, waypoint, vertical, etc. After setting all the required parameters correctly, now the drone is ready to fly. Open AeroGCS KEA Enterprise now. Select the "Projects" icon from the side drawer as shown below.

Selecting a Project from AeroGCS KEA Enterprise

The list of Projects will be displayed from where the user can search a project name created in AeroGCS. Click on the project. Now click on the plan created. The plan will be now available. Make sure that the correct plan is selected.

Select "Drone Control Center" menu from the side drawer of the AeroGCS Enterprise. No online drones will be available hence it will display "Online Drones 0". The user can't select any drone now. Go to AeroGCS flyview. Give the "Take off" command from the side drawer menu. Now the drone will be armed and become ready to fly. Once the drone is ready to fly, now the user can see that drone active in AeroGCS KEA Enterprise as shown below. Select the drone with the registered name. Now you will observe the drone flying according to flight plan.

Now the user can monitor the flight with parameters such as altitude, speed, and compass position along with yaw, roll, and pitch. After completing the flight, the number of online drones available will be reduced by 1. All the logs will be created which can be used for further process. ### 2. Project Creation through AeroGCS KEA Enterprise: For creating the project from AeroGCS KEA Enterprise click on the "Projects" menu from side drawer menu. Click on the

"+" sign from the right upper corner as shown in the image below:

* Enter the name of the project for a new project. * Select the location for flying a drone. Select the drone from the drop-down menu as shown in the image.

* After adding the drone and location, now add a plan details as shown in the image below.

* Add details of a plan as mentioned below: * **Name of Project:** Enter the name of a project for creating a plan. One project may have number of plans created. * **Plan name:** Enter the valid name of the plan. * Select the flight type for a mission plan from the options displayed on the screen as shown.

* Set the altitude in meters and speed in m/s. Click on the "Next" button to proceed.

According to the flight type selected add the waypoints or spray and survey plan requirements.

* Save the plan to move further. * Now open AeroGCS for synchronization with cloud and actual flight. Connect the drone with serial port settings. Sync with the cloud. * Search for the project created in AeroGCS KEA Enterprise. Select the plan created. * Now set the drone to fly or "Take Off". * Select the "Online Drone" from the drone control center of AeroGCS KEA Enterprise. * Now the user is ready to view the flight on the map according to the plan created. * The values of parameters such as altitude, latitude, longitude, speed, yaw, roll, and pitch are displayed on the screen as shown in the image below: * After completing the mission plan all types of logs will be ready for further processing. ### **Drone Control Center:** This is the control center from where the user can control the drone. Live details such as changes in speed, altitude, and other parameters can be monitored through this. Live tracking of the drone becomes easier with the help of the drone control center.

If more than one drones are active then the user can select and monitor the live details of any particular drone by selecting it. Live tracking of a flight can be observed through this feature. For observing the flight in Enterprise following steps are to be followed: * Open the project for the flight. The user can open a project from either AeroGCS KEA or AeroGCS GREEN. * The manager may open AeroGCS Enterprise to observe a flight from the office. * Open the drone control center to observe the flight. There will be no drone shown before the takeoff command. Therefore, the number of online drones will be shown as '0'. * Give takeoff command to the drone to fly on the field. Now * Now, the online drones available will be shown as other than '0' as per the availability of drones. # 3. Managing a Team This is another powerful tool of AeroGCS Enterprise. AeroGCS KEA Enterprise has a unique feature that enables the project manager to assign and monitor tasks to the respective pilot’s assigned for different projects. Flights can be monitored remotely, anytime-anywhere. This enables teamwork and collaboration of the same from different areas. This function increases operational efficiency resulting in giving out better results as a team. Collaboration in any task is a sign of effective team as it harnesses the best out of two or more individuals working together. #### 3.1 Managing Team with AeroGCS KEA There are two types of roles in a team. One is a "user" and the other is a "manager". A manager is holding the authority to delegate the permissions to the user. The user here will be assisting the manager. Any user may be a manager and any manager may be a user. Any user may be a user and a manager at a time with different tasks. The same is with a manager. The manager will decide the priority and permissions to be given to the user. The manager will manage the entire access of a team. The manager will invite the user with email and credentials to join the team. The user has to accept the invitation and join the team. The manager may add a number of users according to the requirement of the application. To invite the team member click on the "Teams" option available on the side drawer. After accepting the invitation, the user has to signup with an AeroMegh account. Once signed up, now the user will get an account activation link in his email account. By Collaborating, the team members know individually assigned tasks and it maintains the harmony amongst team members.

The user should log in with the credentials of the AeroMegh account from AeroGCS. Then the process of synchronizing with the 'manager' should be carried out by the user. The user is able to manage the drone operations like no before with team collaboration, intuitive flight logs, streaming, and integration, and a lot more using AeroGCS Enterprise. Once the user has accepted and login properly, then the status of that particular user will be displayed as "Active" as shown below. Now, that particular user is ready to work with a team.

The manager will decide the permissions to be given. The manager can give access as an operator, manager, viewer, and guest as shown in the image below.

The user can have a list of projects or plans which are shared with him by the manager. If the user has access as a viewer, then he will be able to view only the plans and plots. No edition or deletion is allowed on the plan and plot. The user will be able to see the flight. He is not allowed to make changes in the flight plan or any other actions. If the manager doesn't want to give permissions to a specific user, he can delete that particular user as shown in the image below: #### 3.2 Team Management with other Member The projects created in AeroGCS Enterprise can be shared with the team members by inviting the team members. These projects may be created in AeroGCS Enterprise or in AeroGCS KEA. Therefore, this feature provides flexibility to the user to save time and space. Project based sharing with a team member is possible. * Invite the member through his email address. * Accept the invitation to work as a team member. * The owner or "Manager" will assign the role to a team member. Four types of roles can be assigned as follows: * **Manager:** Manager can create imagesets, data required for a project but cannot delete the data. * **Operator:** Operator can edit the images and data of the project. * **Viewer:** View only access is given to the viewer. * **Guest:** Guest can share and download data. * The owner will decide the role to be assigned to the team member according to the requirement of the project.

# 4. Drone Lease AeroGCS Enterprise provides a Drone Lease facility to customers. The main benefit of drone leasing is that it increases the accessibility of cutting-edge technology for companies of all sizes. This reduces the immediate cost of the drone and any additional payloads, allowing you to finish the scheduled work without having to worry about financing it right away.

The above image shows the various options related to Drone Lease. It contains details such as the number of customers using this facility with their details, drones that are used for Lease, and invoices. To view the lease details, just click on the "View All" button in the Lease section. To add a new lease click on "+" and add a new Lease entity. Similarly, the user can see all the details of customers, and invoices by clicking on the "View All" button present in the respective section. #### 4.1 Add Drone on Lease Enter the required details to add a drone to the lease. It includes following points: * **Selection of Customer:** select the respective customer from a dropdown list * **Select Drone:** Select the appropriate drone from the dropdown list * **Start Date:** Select the starting date for leasing a drone * **End Date:** Select the end date for leasing a drone Start date and end date indicates the period of leasing a drone. It may vary according to the requirement of the drone application. Based on the period of the lease the invoice will be raised.

#### 4.2 Add Customer Using this option you can add the customer. To add a customer the following details are required:

* **Name:** Enter the name of a customer. * **Contact number:** Enter either the concerned customer's mobile number or any other contact number. * **Address:** Enter the address of the customer. * **Email address:** Enter the valid email address of the customer. * **GST number:** Enter the GST number of the concerned customer. * **Government Id Number:** Enter either your PAN card number or Aadhar Card number. * **Pilot License Id:** Enter a valid pilot license number. After entering the essential information click on the "Save" button to save the information of the concerned customer. After adding a customer you can see the details of the specific customer by clicking on the name of the customer.

Clicking on the drone id you will get the details of the drone on lease as shown in the following image.

Details of the Customer can be checked by clicking on the customer name in the window. It will show the details of a specific customer.

This section gives details of registered drones involved in leasing. Click on the "View All" button to see the details as shown in the image below. #### 4.3 Registered Drones The list and details of all the registered drones for lease are displayed under this option. By clicking on the "**Drone id**" all the details related to that particular drone will be displayed.

Select a toggle button called "Lease a Drone" to add the selected drone to the lease.

![](/files/d8QpNj8tXhTfBjxfHzeB) This option allows the user to alter the rent. To alter rent click on

and alter the rent according to the policies of the organization. After altering the rent save these changes by clicking "Save" option indicated by a symbol

to save. #### 4.4 All Lease This option provides the list of customers who opted for a drone on lease.

#### 4.5 Edit the user The restricted information related to the customer can be modified such as the start date and end date for Drone Lease as shown in the image below:

Always end date should be greater than the start date. In edit option you can just change the dates and no any other data is allowed to modify. By clicking on the name of the customer you will get details as shown in the following image.

#### 4.6 Invoice When you click on “Invoice” to get the details of the invoice generated for that specific user.

You can share, download, print and delete the invoice. Also, you can “Mark Paid” if payment is done. Once it is “Marked Paid” it will be reflected to the dashboard. ![](/files/zreOH78TRVglzgr8vSJy) The invoice generated can be shared with the mail address of the customer. The invoice will be downloaded in .pdf format which can be utilized for further use. #### 4.7 Delete Customer Select the particular customer to delete from the list.

Once the customer is deleted, the data related to the lease, and invoice will be deleted. Therefore, before deleting the customer make sure for all these particulars and then delete it. By clicking the “Yes” button the specified customer will be deleted.

# 5. GREEN-E GREEN-E provides the information about the flights and revenue generated through AeroGCS GREEN. AeroGCS Enterprise provides details of AeroGCS GREEN flights and revenue generated through AeroGCS GREEN under GREEN tab in Enterprise as shown in the following image.

Click on GREEN tab to get the information related to AeroGCS GREEN. The new window will be displayed that shows more details as follows. * **Revenue** * **Crops** * **Customers** * **Acreage** * **Seasons2** * **Growth Statistics** * **Revenue Trend** * **Top Customers** * **Top Crop** * **Recent Customers** * **Crops** # 5.1 Revenue Click on the "Revenue" tab to get more details about the revenue generated. The new window gets opened as shown in the following image. Revenue trend during the selected period will be displayed on the screen with all the required labels.

The user will be able to see week-wise, month-wise or year-wise revenue generated by selecting the appropriate time period.

The above image shows the month-wise report of revenue generated. Also, the list and details of projects are displayed on the screen.

Select the customer from the list and you will get the details of the selected customer. The report details include Customer Name, Project Name, Flight Time, Amount, Pesticide, Crop Type, Plan Name, Area, Created Date, and Spray Volume on the right-hand side of the screen. The user can change the duration for which the list of reports is to be displayed by changing the "From" and "To" dates. #### Revenue Trend The dashboard of GREEN-E shows the revenue trend. The user can change the period of showing the trend of the revenue as weekly, monthly, and yearly and observe the trend and take some decisions if required.

# 5.2 Crops Details of the crops such as the number of crops and names of crops are displayed on the dashboard as shown in the following image marked by a rectangle.

#### Top Crop The details of the top crop are displayed in this section as shown. The details include * name of the crop * number of customers * acreage covered for that crop

# 5.3 Customers Details of customers are displayed on the dashboard as marked areas in the following image.

Select any customer from the list of recent customers to see the details of that customer. The GREEN-E will show the details of that customer as shown in the following image.

Under the section of Recent Customers, the user will get detailed information about the recent customer. Click on the "View All" option to see the list and details of recent customers as shown in the following image.

The details and information of the customers are also through "Customer" option available on the left-hand menu of AeroGCS GREEN. #### Top Customer The details of the top customer will be displayed here with respect to the revenue generated as shown in the following image.

# 5.4 Acreage The dashboard shows the acreage covered by all the flights through AeroGCS GREEN.

In the Revenue Trend tab, the user can strike out on the revenue to get the trends in acreage to check the performance of a drone. The user can change the period for getting the more details about the acreage covered. # 5.5 Seasons2 The farmers or any agriculture-related organization have different crops based on seasons. The seasons and crops will change according to the geographical area. Therefore, AeroGCS GREEN allows altering the seasons according to the geographical area.

#### Add Season: Click on

this symbol to add a new season. The GREEN-E opens another window in which the user can add a season by setting the duration from the calendar provided.

Enter name of the season. Select the start and end date from the calendar available and then save the new season. Added season will be reflected on the dashboard as shown in the following image.

Click on three dots on the right-hand side of the season. The user will get two options to manipulate the season.

#### Edit the Season: Select the "Edit" option to edit the season. Change the name of the season, and the start, and end date of the selected season to update the duration of the season as shown in the following image.

#### Delete a Season Select the "Delete" option by clicking on three dots in front of the name of the season which is to be deleted. The GREEN-E will make sure that the user really wants to delete the selected season by popping the message on the screen as shown in the following image.

Confirmation Message before Deletion of Season

By selecting "Yes" button, the selected season will be deleted from the list of the season. Accordingly the graphical data under season on season will be modified.

# 5.6 Growth Statistics This section of GREEN-E will depict the growth in revenue in different ways.

The user can observe the growth statistics in the following ways: 1. **Last 3 months**: It shows the details of revenue generated in the last 3 months from the current month. The amount of revenue generated during each month will be displayed here. 2. **Month on Month**: It shows the month-on-month increase in revenue. It shows the graphical data with a percentage increase or decrease in revenue generated. 3. **Season on Season**: It shows the graphical changes from season to season. # 5.7 Revenue Trend # 6. Project Sync AeroGCS Enterprise provides the feature to synchronize the projects of AeroGCS KEA and GREEN. Click on the "Cloud Sync" menu from the dashboard for synchronizing projects from AeroGCS KEA and GREEN. For synchronizing the projects, For synchronizing the projects of KEA and GREEN, the user has to login with an AeroMegh account with the registration of the drone. Then select the "Cloud Sync" option from the dashboard. Wait for synchronizing the projects with AeroGCS Enterprise as shown in the image below.

The completion of the synchronization of projects will be intimated with the window popped as shown in the image below.

The projects created with GREEN and KEA will be displayed as a list of projects of Enterprise as shown in the image.

# 7. Live Tracking of Flight AeroGCS Enterprise allows live tracking of a flight from AeroGCS KEA as well as AeroGCS GREEN. The user has to follow the steps mentioned here for implementing live tracking of a flight. * Open the project from AeroGCS KEA or GREEN. * Open an AeroGCS Enterprise to track a flight.

* Select the "Drone Control" option from the left-hand menu bar of AeroGCS Enterprise as shown in the above image for live tracking.

* Open AeroGCS KEA or GREEN for flying a drone with a command given as "Takeoff". * Once the takeoff command is given from GREEN or KEA then the user will be able to see the number of online drones other than '0' as shown in the image.

* The user can track the path of a drone on the field as shown in the screen recording below. {% file src="/files/UxpvV9G6DVT02WeLZhBv" %} Live Tracking of a Flight {% endfile %} # 8. Settings This section describes how to modify the settings if required. ### **Profile Settings** The user can see the details entered. Check whether the information given is correct or not.

If anything is missing or entered wrongly then the user can edit these settings by clicking on the

edit button. Editing information can be saved by clicking on the "Save" button.

### Subscriptions The user can check his subscription by using this option. Checking the billing cycle and expiry date becomes easy with this option. If the user wants to modify the subscription annually or monthly then click on the "Modify" option available.

The user can choose the plan available which is displayed on the screen. The user can compare the plans available by clicking on the compare plan button provided by AeroStream. ### **Invoices** Information related to billing is available by clicking the "Invoices" option.

### **Change Password** The user can change the password by selecting the "Change Password" option as shown below:

To provide security it is recommended to change the password after a certain period of time. To avail of this facility, AeroStream provides the "Change Password" option. The changed password will be saved by selecting the "Save" button. # 9. LiveStream AeroStream feature provides the facility of live streaming of the remote flight. As a service provider, your business may spread across different geographic locations. Your team might be flying drones across various states and countries. In such a case, as operation management, you always want to know the current situation of drone flights. With the AeroGCS KEA Enterprise edition, you can monitor all live flights from your own office. You can see where all drones are flying and what is their current flying situation. Not only, current flying but also past flights you can check with ‘Replay of Flight’ so that you understand the overall performance of your drone. The image below shows the dashboard of AeroStream which includes recent videos of streaming of drone cameras, and the services provided by AeroStream like My Requests, Received Requests, My Videos, and Micro CRM.

### My Requests To check the live streaming of the flight, the user will raise the request to the server. The user can see all requests or any specific requests such as "Open Requests", "Received Requests", "In Progress Requests", etc. with the drop-down menu as shown in the image below:

The details of the request will be displayed by clicking on that particular request.

It shows all the details of the request created such as name, address, date, and time scheduled. It also shows the live streaming video and actual flight on the map. You can zoom in and zoom out the map to check the particulars of the flight. This will be useful for controlling the drone from a remote place or from the office. This feature is useful to work with a team. The monitoring of the flight becomes easy remotely also. All the requests created by the particular user will be stored on the server. The list of all such requests is displayed here for the respective user. The user can create a new request by clicking on the "Create New Request" button. After creating a new request, a form will appear on the screen. The user has to fill the form correctly with all the required information. You can set the date and time of streaming as well as the location, address, and pilot who is operating the drone on the site. The form looks like the image below:

### Received Requests: The list of all the received requests from the authorized drone pilots will be displayed on the screen.

The details of the request will be displayed by clicking on any of the requests received. The image below shows the details of the request such as the title of request, scheduled time, and date along with the details of the customer such as the name and email address of the customer as shown in the image.

### **My Videos:** The drones are carrying the cameras for capturing photos. Drones are also used for surveillance purposes. For this, the drone should be able to capture live situations. These live situations are stored in the form of videos which we can observe through the "My videos" option from the AeroStream dashboard.

Select any one required video from the available list. You can download any particular video from the cloud to your local system. Also, you can share any video with other authorized users for information or processing. You can delete any video if it is unwanted. ### **Micro CRM** This is a customer-oriented functionality. This is Customer Relationship Management where we connect and accept the request of the customer and serve them with live streaming. This provides the details of customers or all pilots. The details include name, email address, and phone number as shown. This feature also gives the list of pending invites. You can invite the customer by clicking the "invite" button.

# 10. Incident Report There are chances of accidents during the flight. These accidents should be documented as an incident report. AeroGCS Enterprise allows the generation of incident reports. For creating an incident report, click on "Incident Report" from the left-hand toolbar. The window will be popped up on the screen as shown in the following image.

The user has to enter the required information in the fields marked with "\*". The report form will be like as it is mentioned in the following image.

Fill in all the mandatory fields and then submit it. Once submitted it will be reflected as a list of incident reports. The user can open any incident report as per his requirement. The user can delete the incident report by clicking on the "Delete" button as shown in fig.

The confirmation message will be displayed. Once deleted a report, it is not possible to retrieve it in any case.